Augmented Velocity Index: A New Doppler Index Associated with Arterial Stiffness

The Relationship of Renal Augmented Velocity Index With Ventricular–Arterial Coupling in Comparison to Renal Resistive Index

“…Concerning this issue, we relied on mathematical models and findings presented by studies that consistently reported the contribution of pulsatile load to E a 11,13–20,37–40,43,44 . Third, we cannot extrapolate our results to disease groups rather than hypertension, but indeed the strict inclusion criteria employed in this study strengthen the validity of the results as well as the absence of antihypertensive drug usage which can interfere with the arterial stiffness and renal RI values of patients 7,8 . As a strength of the study, we should mention that the single‐beat method could allow a more accurate quantification of VAC as the simplified approach of VAC calculation might not provide any substantial information to ejection fraction measurement 9 .…”

“…11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][37][38][39][40]43,44 Third, we cannot extrapolate our results to disease groups rather than hypertension, but indeed the strict inclusion criteria employed in this study strengthen the validity of the results as well as the absence of antihypertensive drug usage which can interfere with the arterial stiffness and renal RI values of patients. 7,8 As a strength of the study, we should mention that the single-beat method could allow a more accurate quantification of VAC as the simplified approach of VAC calculation might not provide any substantial information to ejection fraction measurement. 9 Finally, this is a study having a physiologic basis and required surrogate markers to provide some insight into clinical practice.…”

“…As a novel and promising index, Avi emerged to quantify the velocity augmentation at the late systolic phase of Doppler velocity waveform which resembles arterial pressure waveform recorded in the arteries. And because the augmentation index, derived from augmentation pressure of arterial pressure waveform, was previously established to be significantly associated with the parameters that are determinants of CV disease, Avi was firstly analyzed in the carotid arteries and found to be an independent predictor of augmentation index among healthy individuals 7 . Just after, it was proposed that Avi could readily be measured on the renal arteries as the waveform patterns of carotid and renal arteries were similar.…”

“…This index has been first examined in the carotid arteries to verify its reliability and validity. In that pilot study, Avi has been revealed to correlate with various CV risk factors and to be independently associated with arterial stiffness 7 . Just after, Avi has been readily analyzed in renal arteries to evaluate its potential association with CV health in comparison to renal RI and it was documented that renal Avi had associations with blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) even stronger than renal RI 8 …”

“…In that pilot study, Avi has been revealed to correlate with various CV risk factors and to be independently associated with arterial stiffness. 7 Just after, Avi has been readily analyzed in renal arteries to evaluate its potential association with CV health in comparison to renal RI and it was documented that renal Avi had associations with blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) even stronger than renal RI. 8 It is well established that accurate quantification of the interaction between left ventricle (LV) and the arterial system may play a crucial role in the differentiation of disease states from physiological conditions.…”