Augmenting Driver Awareness and Performance through Haptics, Assistive Controls, and Environment Perception

Abstract

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Advances in vehicle sensing and communication technologies are enabling new opportunities for intelligent driver assistance systems that enhance road safety and performance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research on two complementary areas: haptic/tactile interfaces for conveying road terrain and hazard information to drivers, and shared control frameworks that employ assistive automation to supplement driver inputs. Various haptic feedback techniques for generating realistic road feel through steering wheel torque overlays, pedal interventions, and alternative interface modalities are examined. Control assistance approaches integrating environmental perception to provide steering, braking, and collision avoidance support through blended human–machine control are also analyzed. The paper scrutinizes methods for road sensing using cameras, LiDAR, and radar to classify terrain for adapting system response. Evaluation practices across this domain are critically assessed, including subjective questionnaires, quantitative performance metrics, simulation testbeds, and limited on-road studies. Key findings on the effectiveness of haptic feedback in improving situation awareness, reducing cognitive load, and preventing accidents are synthesized. The review also highlights the potential of shared control frameworks to maintain vehicle stability and prevent loss of control during critical events. While simulations demonstrate promising initial capabilities, gaps are identified regarding lack of extensive real-world validation across diverse conditions. The paper provides insights into priority areas for further research, such as refining terrain classification through advanced sensing, seamless human–automation cooperation, and understanding long-term effects of assistive technology usage. Overall, the review underscores exciting opportunities for haptics and assistive automation to substantially enhance road safety while qualitatively improving the driving experience.</div></div>