Auricular cartilage regeneration using different types of mesenchymal stem cells in rabbits

Abstract

Background Cartilaginous disorders comprise a wide range of diseases that affect normal joint movement, ear and nose shape; and they have great social and economic impact. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide a promising regeneration alternative for treatment of degenerative cartilaginous disorders. This study aimed to compare therapeutic potential of different types of laser activated MSCs to promote auricular cartilage regeneration. Twelve adult rabbit allocated equally in four groups, all animals received a surgical mid auricular cartilage defect in one ear; Group I (Positive control) injected sub-perichondrially with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Group II (ADMSC-transplanted group) injected adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs), Group III (BMMSCs-transplanted group) received bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs), and Group IV (EMSC-transplanted group) received ear MSCs (EMSCs) in the defected ear. The auricular defect was analyzed morphologically, histopathologically and immunohistochemically after 4 weeks. In addition, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to examine expression of the collagen type II (Col II) and aggrecan as cartilage growth factors. Results The auricles of all treatments appeared completely healed with smooth surfaces and similar tissue color. Histopathologically, defective areas of control positive group, ADMSCs and EMSCs treated groups experienced a small area of immature cartilage. While BMMSCs treated group exhibited typical features of new cartilage formation with mature chondrocytes inside their lacunae and dense extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, BMMSC treated group showed a positive reaction to Masson’s trichrome and orcein stains. In contrary, control positive, ADMSC and EMSC groups revealed faint staining with Masson’s trichrome and Orcein. Immunohistochemically, there was an intense positive S100 expression in BMMSCs (with a significant increase of area percentage + 21.89 (P < 0.05), a moderate reaction in EMSCs (with an area percentage + 17.97, and a mild reaction in the control group and ADMSCs (area percentages + 8.02 and + 11.37, respectively). The expression of relative col II and aggrecan was substantially highest in BMMSCs (± 0.91 and ± 0.89, respectively). While, Control positive, ADMSCs and EMSCs groups recorded (± 0.41: ± 0.21, ± 0.6: ± 0.44, ± 0.61: ± 0.63) respectively. Conclusion BMMSCs showed the highest chondrogenic potential compared to ADMSCs and EMSCs and should be considered the first choice in treatment of cartilaginous degenerative disorders.

Deer antler reserve mesenchyme cells with hyaluronan alleviates cartilage damage in a rat model

“…Previous studies have found that HA can enhance the synthesis of cartilage ECM in vitro [63,64]. Similarly, MSCs can also promote chondrogenic differentiation of cells by updating ECM and synthesizing COL II [65]. Amann et al (2017) reported that in the process of differentiation of AMSCs, HA promoted chondrogenesis by upregulating the expression of GAG and prevented hypertrophy by downregulating the expression of COL X [66].…”

“…Previous studies have found that HA can enhance the synthesis of cartilage ECM in vitro [63, 64]. Similarly, MSCs can also promote chondrogenic differentiation of cells by updating ECM and synthesizing COL II [65]. Amann et al.…”

Combined laser-activated SVF and PRP remodeled spinal sclerosis via activation of Olig-2, MBP, and neurotrophic factors and inhibition of BAX and GFAP

“…The different differentiation media were changed every 3 days for 21 days, and then the cells were washed and fixed in 10% formalin for 20 min and stained with Oil Red O solution in 10% isopropanol, Safranin-O staining, and Alizarin red for 15 min to assess adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation, respectively 37 .…”

The application and progress of stem cells in auricular cartilage regeneration: a systematic review

“…Although MSCs were observed to differentiate into auricular cartilage in the defective area of the ear in animal models, different kinds of MSCs also presented different capacities of chondrogenesis. In comparison, the researchers demonstrated that BMMSCs were superior to other stem cells in differentiation capacity (Chen et al, 2015;Oh et al, 2018;Hassan et al, 2022). BMMSCs are a representative cell source that promotes wound healing in multiple ways and develops into effector cells involved in angiogenesis, ECM formation, wound contraction, re-epithelialization, and matrix secretion (Hassan et al, 2022).…”