Author response: Condensin I subunit Cap-G is essential for proper gene expression during the maturation of post-mitotic neurons

Hassan, Amira; Rodriguez, Pablo Araguas; Heidmann, Stefan; Walmsley, Emma L; Aughey, Gabriel; Southall, Tony D.

doi:10.7554/elife.55159.sa2

Cited by 2 publications

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“…These complexes share the core Smc2-Smc4 heterodimer, but have a different set of kleisin and HEAT-repeat subunits, and they play distinct roles in the condensation process. Recently, it has been suggested that condensins, in addition to their role in mitotic chromosome organization, regulate transcription and senescence by mediating the local compaction of chromatin during interphase (Hassan et al, 2020;Iwasaki et al, 2019;Marshall et al, 2020). Smc5/6 plays an essential role in sculpting chromatin during DNA replication and repair (Aragon, 2018;Palecek, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hit the brakes – a new perspective on the loop extrusion mechanism of cohesin and other SMC complexes

Matityahu

Onn

2021

Journal of Cell Science

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The three-dimensional structure of chromatin is determined by the action of protein complexes of the structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) family. Eukaryotic cells contain three SMC complexes, cohesin, condensin, and a complex of Smc5 and Smc6. Initially, cohesin was linked to sister chromatid cohesion, the process that ensures the fidelity of chromosome segregation in mitosis. In recent years, a second function in the organization of interphase chromatin into topologically associated domains has been determined, and loop extrusion has emerged as the leading mechanism of this process. Interestingly, fundamental mechanistic differences exist between mitotic tethering and loop extrusion. As distinct molecular switches that aim to suppress loop extrusion in different biological contexts have been identified, we hypothesize here that loop extrusion is the default biochemical activity of cohesin and that its suppression shifts cohesin into a tethering mode. With this model, we aim to provide an explanation for how loop extrusion and tethering can coexist in a single cohesin complex and also apply it to the other eukaryotic SMC complexes, describing both similarities and differences between them. Finally, we present model-derived molecular predictions that can be tested experimentally, thus offering a new perspective on the mechanisms by which SMC complexes shape the higher-order structure of chromatin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hit the brakes – a new perspective on the loop extrusion mechanism of cohesin and other SMC complexes

Matityahu

Onn

2021

Journal of Cell Science

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A role for condensin in mediating transcriptional adaptation to environmental stimuli

et al. 2021

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Nuclear organisation shapes gene regulation; however, the principles by which three-dimensional genome architecture influences gene transcription are incompletely understood. Condensin is a key architectural chromatin constituent, best known for its role in mitotic chromosome condensation. Yet at least a subset of condensin is bound to DNA throughout the cell cycle. Studies in various organisms have reported roles for condensin in transcriptional regulation, but no unifying mechanism has emerged. Here, we use rapid conditional condensin depletion in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to study its role in transcriptional regulation. We observe a large number of small gene expression changes, enriched at genes located close to condensin-binding sites, consistent with a possible local effect of condensin on gene expression. Furthermore, nascent RNA sequencing reveals that transcriptional down-regulation in response to environmental stimuli, in particular to heat shock, is subdued without condensin. Our results underscore the multitude by which an architectural chromosome constituent can affect gene regulation and suggest that condensin facilitates transcriptional reprogramming as part of adaptation to environmental changes.

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Author response: Condensin I subunit Cap-G is essential for proper gene expression during the maturation of post-mitotic neurons

Cited by 2 publications

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Hit the brakes – a new perspective on the loop extrusion mechanism of cohesin and other SMC complexes

Hit the brakes – a new perspective on the loop extrusion mechanism of cohesin and other SMC complexes

A role for condensin in mediating transcriptional adaptation to environmental stimuli

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