Autobiographical Memory Impairment in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Quantitative Meta-Analysis Interpreted in Terms of the CaR-FA-X Model

Berán, Eszter; Richman, Mara J.; Unoka, Zsolt

doi:10.1521/pedi_2018_32_368

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…These studies were first summarized in the work of Williams et al (2007). Subsequent quantitative and qualitative reviews have been conducted in specific populations with discrete psychiatric presentations (Berna et al, 2016; Beran et al, 2019; Liu et al, 2013; Ono et al, 2015). However, no study has yet meta-analyzed the entire literature regarding autobiographical memory specificity/overgenerality across all studies that compare people with psychiatric diagnoses to diagnoses-free people.…”

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confidence: 99%

Autobiographical memory impairments as a transdiagnostic feature of mental illness: A meta-analytic review of investigations into autobiographical memory specificity and overgenerality among people with psychiatric diagnoses.

Barry¹,

Hallford²,

Takano³

2021

Psychological Bulletin

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Decades of research has examined the difficulty that people with psychiatric diagnoses have in recalling specific autobiographical memories of events that lasted less than a day. Instead, they seem to retrieve general events that have occurred many times or which occurred over longer periods of time, termed overgeneral memory. We present the first transdiagnostic meta-analysis of memory specificity/overgenerality and the first meta-regression of proposed causal mechanisms. A keyword search of Embase, PsycARTICLES, and PsycINFO databases yielded 74 studies that compared people with and without psychiatric diagnoses on the retrieval of specific (k = 85) or general memories (k = 56). The majority of studies included participants with Major Depressive Disorder (∼49%), Schizophrenia (∼19%), and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (∼17%) with few studies involving other groups of participants, for example, Anxiety Disorders (∼5%). Multilevel meta-analysis confirmed that people with psychiatric diagnoses typically recall fewer specific, g = −0.864, 95% CI [−1.030, −0.698], and more general, g = 712, 95% CI [0.524, 0.900], memories than diagnoses-free people. The size of these effects did not differ between diagnostic groups. There were no consistent moderators of effect size heterogeneity; effect sizes were not explained by methodological factors such as cue valence or demographic variables such as participants' age or between-group differences in process variables (e.g., rumination). Deficits in autobiographical memory retrieval may be a transdiagnostic factor, but further research in underrepresented diagnostic groups, and with novel experimental manipulations of encoding and retrieval processes, is warranted before full transdiagnosticity and the processes underlying reduced specificity/overgenerality can be established. Public Significance StatementThe data presented here show that people with a range of psychiatric diagnoses experience difficulty retrieving memories of specific autobiographical events from their past. Instead, people with diagnoses tend to retrieve memories of general events that have occurred on multiple occasions or which occur over an extended period of time. These findings indicate a specific cognitive target for intervention in psychiatric problems, especially given that existing treatments do not typically help people in this way. These findings also contribute to a growing body of literature that indicates similarities in cognitive deficits that cut across discrete psychiatric diagnoses.

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confidence: 99%

Autobiographical memory impairments as a transdiagnostic feature of mental illness: A meta-analytic review of investigations into autobiographical memory specificity and overgenerality among people with psychiatric diagnoses.

Barry¹,

Hallford²,

Takano³

2021

Psychological Bulletin

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“…AM retrieval is altered in several mental disorders [15,17,18]. As discussed, patients with PTSD and BPD have better AM retrieval after hydrocortisone administration than healthy controls do [1,2], suggesting a normalization of AM performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effects of hydrocortisone on autobiographical memory retrieval in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder: the role of childhood trauma

Metz

Fleischer

Gärnter

et al. 2019

Neuropsychopharmacol.

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In a previous study, we found that patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) showed better autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval after hydrocortisone administration than after placebo administration. Here we investigate the neural correlates of AM retrieval after hydrocortisone administration in patients with PTSD or BPD. We recruited 78 female participants for this placebo-controlled crossover study: 40 healthy controls, 20 patients with PTSD, and 18 patients with BPD (all without medication). All participants received an oral placebo or 10 mg hydrocortisone in a randomized order before performing an AM task. Neural activity was monitored during the task by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neural activation did not differ between the three groups during AM retrieval, neither in the placebo condition nor after hydrocortisone intake. Multiple regression analysis revealed that Childhood Trauma Questionnaire scores correlated positively with hydrocortisone effects on activation in the anterior medial prefrontal cortex (amPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), angular gyrus, and cerebellum. These results suggest that hydrocortisone-induced neural activation pattern during AM retrieval is related to childhood trauma. Previously described effects in the hippocampus, which were absent in the current study, might be related to PTSD caused by trauma in adulthood. The effects of hydrocortisone on brain activation and how these effects are influenced by childhood trauma, trauma in adulthood, and PTSD symptoms should be determined in future studies.

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“…Bech, Elkilit and Simonsen [20] in their systematic review reported no OGM in BPD when comorbid depression was controlled for. Beran, Richman and Unoka [23] on the other hand found a large effect size for OGM in BPD. One explanation for the diverging results could be that Beran et al [23] did not control for comorbid MDD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Beran, Richman and Unoka [23] on the other hand found a large effect size for OGM in BPD. One explanation for the diverging results could be that Beran et al [23] did not control for comorbid MDD. One possible interpretation of the differences of retrieval style between patients with MDD and patients with BPD is provided by Conway and Pleydell-Pearce's model [24] about ABMs and the working self.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Autobiographical memories of interpersonal trust in borderline personality disorder

Botsford

Renneberg

2020

bord personal disord emot dysregul

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Background: Establishing and maintaining interpersonal trust is often difficult for patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). How we trust is influenced by prior trust experiences. Methods: For the investigation of trust experiences, autobiographical memories of n = 36 patients with BPD and n = 99 non-clinical controls were examined. Trust objects and interaction partners, emotional valence, perceived relevance and memory specificity were analyzed. Results: Content analyses revealed that patients with BPD recalled mostly situations in which their trust was failed by family members or romantic partners. In addition, patients with BPD considered memories with trust and mistrust more relevant for their current lives than the control group. Our results correspond with findings that BPD patients have difficulties trusting close others as well as with theoretical assumptions about deficits in mentalizing and epistemic trust in patients with BPD. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings should encourage clinical practitioners to address trust deficits towards close others, as well as omniscient negative memory retrieval and interpretation biases which might influence current trust behavior.

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Autobiographical Memory Impairment in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Quantitative Meta-Analysis Interpreted in Terms of the CaR-FA-X Model

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

Autobiographical memory impairments as a transdiagnostic feature of mental illness: A meta-analytic review of investigations into autobiographical memory specificity and overgenerality among people with psychiatric diagnoses.

Autobiographical memory impairments as a transdiagnostic feature of mental illness: A meta-analytic review of investigations into autobiographical memory specificity and overgenerality among people with psychiatric diagnoses.

Effects of hydrocortisone on autobiographical memory retrieval in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder: the role of childhood trauma

Autobiographical memories of interpersonal trust in borderline personality disorder

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