Autoclave-Assisted Deacetylation: A Rapid Method to Recycling Cigarette Butts to Cellulose

Abstract

AUTOCLAVE-ASSISTED DEACETYLATION: A RAPID METHOD TO RECYCLINGCIGARETTE BUTTS INTO CELLULOSE. Cellulose acetate (CA)-based materials, like cigarette butts (CBs), become one of the most com-mon types of litter in the world. The toxic substances that are contained make this waste carry a hazardous risk for the environment and living organisms. Herein we report a rapid method for recycling cigarettes butts into more environmen-tally material. Cellulose was fabricated by deacetylation of cigarette butts with NaOH solution at various times 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes in autoclave. Cellulose was optimized by a degree of deacetylation (DD%) and was further charac-terized by FTIR, SEM, TGA, and DSC analysis. The DD% and FTIR results confirmed the complete conversion of cellu-lose acetate from cigarette butts to cellulose within 15 minutes. Cellulose morphology under SEM showed the surface became rougher and textured after autoclave treatment. The results of autoclave-assisted deacetylation are comparable with the conventional deacetylation. Our rapid method offers substantially reduced deacetylation from 24 hours to just 15 minutes. This study has shown that the new and straightforward method for deacetylation cellulose acetate and it is potential as an alternative method for recycling cigarette butts waste in the future.

Effect of Modified Natural Rubber on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) and Its Composites with Nanoparticles from Biowaste

“…This results are consistent with that of a previous work [ 28 ], demonstrating that this method can reduce preparation time by using an autoclave in the alkali heat treatment step. In the work by Amanda et al [ 32 ], a rapid method for recycling cigarette butts into cellulose was presented. They concluded that an autoclave can reduce the deacetylation time required to turn cigarette butts into cellulose.…”

“…However, both nHA and commercial HA exhibit peaks related to PO 3− this method can reduce preparation time by using an autoclave in the al step. In the work by Amanda et al [32], a rapid method for recycling cellulose was presented. They concluded that an autoclave can reduc time required to turn cigarette butts into cellulose.…”

Cellulose Nanofibers from Regenerated Cellulose fibers of Cigarette Butts and Application in Pickering Emulsion

“…Regenerated cellulose fibers (RCF) were extracted from cellulose acetate of CB using our previous method, by autoclaved assisted using NaOH (0.25 M,(20 mL/g) for 15 min at the temperatures of 121°C (Amanda et al, 2020). After deacetylated process, RCF washed with aquadest until the pH was 7.…”

“…Cellulose-water interaction, which gives -OH bending of absorbed water, is also observed at 1641 cm-1. The peak of C-Hasym bending was shown at 1019 cm -1 (C-O-C) and 903 cm -1 (C-Hdeform) modes of the β-glycosidic linkage between the anhydrous glucose rings (Al-Dulaimi & Wanrosli, 2017;Putri Amanda et al, 2020;Y. Sun et al, 2008).…”

“…Nanocellulose isolation from cigarette butts had previously been conducted by Ogundare et al in 2017 with deacetylation of cigarette butts using conventional methods by immersion with Ethanolic-NaOH solution. Our previous research successfully converts cellulose acetate in cigarette butts to regenerated cellulose fibers faster and easier using NaOH and autoclave for 15 minutes with a percentage of deacetylation degrees of 87.19% (Amanda et al, 2020).…”