Autoimmune gastritis

Autoimmune Gastritis and Gastric Microbiota

“…AIG is a condition that may involve any age group, but more frequently affects the elderly and females; most cases are reported in subjects of Northern European descent [3]. The absence of proactive case-finding strategies for AIG diagnosis, the lack of epidemiological studies, and the frequent indolent disease course, possibly leading to an underestimation of the disease, may contribute to the lack of knowledge of the true prevalence of AIG [4]. Moreover, in most papers published in the recent past, AIG was diagnosed only based on serological biomarkers such as anti-parietal cell or anti-intrinsic factor antibodies (PCA/IFA), pepsinogen, and/or gastrin-17 levels [5,6] without any histological confirmatory diagnosis.…”

“…Finally, for several years, the diagnosis of AIG was frequently underestimated and mistakenly considered only in cases of pernicious anemia (PA), with macrocytic anemia due to vitamin B 12 malabsorption usually manifesting itself in the late stage of the disease [7,8]. Based on this scenario, AIG prevalence has been estimated to be~0.5-4.5% globally, varying widely owing to different diagnostic criteria, ethnical and demographical settings [4].…”

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia After Cyanocobalamin Replacement in a Patient With a Previous Diagnosis of Pernicious Anemia: A Case Report

“…Vitamin B12 deficiency is a frequent cause of megaloblastic anemia [ 1 ], and PA is one of the most important causes of this condition. The association between PA and other autoimmune diseases is well recognized [ 6 ]; however, very few cases of coexistence between PA and AIHA have been reported in the literature [ 2 ]. To our knowledge, less than 30 cases have been reported in the literature of patients with a diagnosis of both diseases, and it is more frequent in middle-aged women with other autoimmune diseases [ 2 ].…”

“…PA is a disease of autoimmune origin in which antibodies attack the parietal cells of the stomach or intrinsic factor, and presents as atrophic gastritis, anemia, and neurological manifestations [ 5 ]. PA is associated with other autoimmune diseases, such as hypothyroidism, type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), Addison's disease, and vitiligo [ 6 ].…”

Identification of Gastritis Subtypes by Convolutional Neuronal Networks on Histological Images of Antrum and Corpus Biopsies

“…Type A gastritis is the least common subtype with a reported prevalence rate of about 1–2% and is characterized by an autoimmune T-cell mediated destruction of oxyntic glands with progressive atrophy and intestinal or pancreatic acinar metaplasia of the gastric corpus mucosa [ 6 , 7 ]. Specifically, in the earlier course of the disease, a patchy full thickness and bottom predominant lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate is observed in the lamina propria.…”