Autoimmune thyroid disease correlates to islet autoimmunity on zinc transporter 8 autoantibody

Cai, Yun; Yan, Juan; Gu, Yong; Cui, Heng; Yang, Chen; Xu, Xinyu; Zhang, Mei; Yu, Liping; Zheng, Xuqin; Yang, Tao

doi:10.1530/ec-20-0650

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In addition to hyperglycemia complications, there is a likelihood of other serious complications that are associated with T1D, such as diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) [1]. Moreover, individuals with type 1 diabetes are also susceptible to other conditions, such as celiac disease, vitiligo, Addison's disease, and thyroid autoimmunity [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Anti-Diabetic Drugs for Beta-Cell Protection in Type 1 Diabetes

Ajmal

Bogart

Khan

et al. 2023

Cells

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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that damages beta cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and results in hyperglycemia due to the loss of insulin. Exogenous insulin therapy can save lives but does not halt disease progression. Thus, an effective therapy may require beta-cell restoration and suppression of the autoimmune response. However, currently, there are no treatment options available that can halt T1D. Within the National Clinical Trial (NCT) database, a vast majority of over 3000 trials to treat T1D are devoted to insulin therapy. This review focuses on non-insulin pharmacological therapies. Many investigational new drugs fall under the category of immunomodulators, such as the recently FDA-approved CD-3 monoclonal antibody teplizumab. Four intriguing candidate drugs fall outside the category of immunomodulators, which are the focus of this review. Specifically, we discuss several non-immunomodulators that may have more direct action on beta cells, such as verapamil (a voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker), gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA, a major neurotransmitter with effects on beta cells), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA, an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone), and volagidemab (a glucagon receptor antagonist). These emerging anti-diabetic drugs are expected to provide promising results in both beta-cell restoration and in suppressing cytokine-derived inflammation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Anti-Diabetic Drugs for Beta-Cell Protection in Type 1 Diabetes

Ajmal

Bogart

Khan

et al. 2023

Cells

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“…Individuals with T1D are also more susceptible to other autoimmune diseases, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, coeliac disease, Addison's disease, vitiligo, and myasthenia gravis [1,5]. Moreover, the association of T1D with thyroid autoimmunity and coeliac disease may also be mechanistically determined [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes: Established Facts and New Insights

Zajec

Podkrajšek

Tesovnik

et al. 2022

Genes

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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the T-cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in pancreatic islets. It generally occurs in genetically susceptible individuals, and genetics plays a major role in the development of islet autoimmunity. Furthermore, these processes are heterogeneous among individuals; hence, different endotypes have been proposed. In this review, we highlight the interplay between genetic predisposition and other non-genetic factors, such as viral infections, diet, and gut biome, which all potentially contribute to the aetiology of T1D. We also discuss a possible active role for β-cells in initiating the pathological processes. Another component in T1D predisposition is epigenetic influences, which represent a link between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors and may account for some of the disease heterogeneity. Accordingly, a shift towards personalized therapies may improve the treatment results and, therefore, result in better outcomes for individuals in the long-run. There is also a clear need for a better understanding of the preclinical phases of T1D and finding new predictive biomarkers for earlier diagnosis and therapy, with the final goal of reverting or even preventing the development of the disease.

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