Autoinducer-2 influences interactions amongst pioneer colonizing streptococci in oral biofilms

Cuadra-Saenz, Giancarlo; Rao, Dhana; Underwood, Adam J.; Belapure, Sneha A.; Campagna, Shawn R.; Sun, Zhichao; Tammariello, Steven P.; Rickard, Alexander H.

doi:10.1099/mic.0.057182-0

Cited by 63 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…AI-2 is produced from S-ribosylhomocysteine by the S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase LuxS, which is present in most Lactobacillales species, and a number of studies have shown that many LAB respond to AI-2 (see the references in references 150 and 151). Inactivation of luxS in S. pyogenes resulted in increased acid tolerance (152), while AI-2 has been shown to influence biofilm formation in other streptococci, such as Streptococcus intermedius (153), S. gordonii, and Streptococcus oralis (154). It still remains to be established clearly, however, whether AI-2 plays a relevant role in stress responses.…”

Section: Quorum Sensingmentioning

confidence: 92%

Stress Physiology of Lactic Acid Bacteria

Papadimitriou

Alegría

Bron

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

540

404

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SUMMARYLactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important starter, commensal, or pathogenic microorganisms. The stress physiology of LAB has been studied in depth for over 2 decades, fueled mostly by the technological implications of LAB robustness in the food industry. Survival of probiotic LAB in the host and the potential relatedness of LAB virulence to their stress resilience have intensified interest in the field. Thus, a wealth of information concerning stress responses exists today for strains as diverse as starter (e.g.,Lactococcus lactis), probiotic (e.g., severalLactobacillusspp.), and pathogenic (e.g.,EnterococcusandStreptococcusspp.) LAB. Here we present the state of the art for LAB stress behavior. We describe the multitude of stresses that LAB are confronted with, and we present the experimental context used to study the stress responses of LAB, focusing on adaptation, habituation, and cross-protection as well as on self-induced multistress resistance in stationary phase, biofilms, and dormancy. We also consider stress responses at the population and single-cell levels. Subsequently, we concentrate on the stress defense mechanisms that have been reported to date, grouping them according to their direct participation in preserving cell energy, defending macromolecules, and protecting the cell envelope. Stress-induced responses of probiotic LAB and commensal/pathogenic LAB are highlighted separately due to the complexity of the peculiar multistress conditions to which these bacteria are subjected in their hosts. Induction of prophages under environmental stresses is then discussed. Finally, we present systems-based strategies to characterize the “stressome” of LAB and to engineer new food-related and probiotic LAB with improved stress tolerance.

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Section: Quorum Sensingmentioning

confidence: 92%

Stress Physiology of Lactic Acid Bacteria

Papadimitriou

Alegría

Bron

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

540

404

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“…Additionally, Wen and Burne (2004) showed that a ΔluxS isogenic mutant of Streptococcus mutans forms diminished biofilms and is less virulent than the parental strain. We have also published demonstrating that S. gordonii and S. oralis mixed-species biofilms are significantly altered without AI-2 (Cuadra- Saenz et al, 2012). Collectively, these studies demonstrate that AI-2 is important to early dental plaque formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…AI-2 activity was determined using methods previously described (Rickard et al, 2008;Cuadra-Saenz et al, 2012). Briefly, V. harveyi BB170 1:500 cell suspensions were placed in white flat-bottom 96-well plates with 90 μl/well.…”

Section: Autoinducer-2 Bioassaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since AI-2 is produced by many bacterial species, Surette and Bassler developed an assay using the strain V. harveyi BB170 (AI-2 receptor LuxP+ but AI-1 receptor LuxN-) as a reporter, producing light in the presence of exogenous AI-2 from other bacterial cultures (Surette and Bassler, 1998;Surette et al, 1999). The main principle of the bioassay is simply to add a 10% final volume from a given culture supernatant of the species to be tested for AI-2 activity to a diluted BB170 culture (Frias et al, 2001;Rickard et al, 2006;Cuadra-Saenz et al, 2012). Most of the published work on AI-2 production by wildtype and ΔluxS mutant strains from multiple bacterial species has been confirmed using the V. harveyi BB170 assay described above (Frias et al, 2001;Bassler, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autoinducer-2 detection among commensal oral streptococci is dependent on pH and boric acid

et al. 2016

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Autoinducer-2, considered a universal signaling molecule, is produced by many species of bacteria; including oral strains. Structurally, autoinducer-2 can exist bound to boron (borated autoinducer-2). Functionally, autoinducer-2 has been linked to important bacterial processes such as virulence and biofilm formation. In order to test production of autoinducer-2 by a given bacterial strain, a bioassay using marine bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio harveyi as a reporter for autoinducer-2 has been designed. We hypothesize that pH adjustment and addition of boron are required for optimal bioluminescence and accurate autoinducer-2 detection. Using this reporter strain we tested autoinducer-2 activity from two oral commensal species, Streptococcus gordonii DL1 and Streptococcus oralis 34. Spent broth was collected and adjusted to pH 7.5 and supplemented with boric acid prior to measuring autoinducer- 2 activity. Results show that low pH inhibits bioluminescence of the reporter strain, but pH 7.5 allows for bioluminescence induction and proper readings of autoinducer-2 activity. Addition of boric acid also has a positive effect on bioluminescence allowing for a more sensitive detection of autoinducer-2 activity. Our data suggests that although autoinducer-2 is present in spent broth, low pH and/or low levels of boric acid become an obstacle for proper autoinducer-2 detection. For proper autoinducer-2 detection, we propose a protocol using this bioassay to include pH adjustment and boric acid addition to spent broth. Studies on autoinducer-2 activity in several bacteria species represent an important area of study as this universal signaling molecule is involved in critical bacterial phenotypes such as virulence and biofilm formation.

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“…Plak maturasyonu sırasında bakteri çok daha yüksek seviyelerde Al-2'i hem alır hem de gönderir, kommensal bakterilerin büyümesinde azalma olur. 67 Competence stimulating peptide (CSPs) genetik kompetansı(yeterlilik), biyofilm formasyonunu ve bakterilerin asit toleransını regüle eder. CSPs yaklaşık olarak 17-21 aminoasitten oluşan kısa peptitlerdir.…”

Section: Kimyasal Ajanların Sinyalleri Ve Quarum Sensingunclassified

Subgi̇ngi̇val Plak İçi̇nde Bakteri̇yel Etki̇leşi̇mler

Aytekin¹,

Arabacı²

2016

Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi

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Periodontitis is a polimicrobial disease. For a long time, researchers investigated microbial complexes with a reductionist approach. They extracted microorganism from microbial complex and searched individually to predefine the key pathogens responsible from oral microbial pathogenesis. The interaction of different microorganism observed in many new physiological functions which can not be observed induvidually. Upon this increased interested in topics such as interspecies interaction, microbial community and polimicrobial diseases. Physical communication procures the adherence site to the consecutive microorganisms; metabolic communications cause the suitable local environmental changes for the growth of pathogens, signaling molecules help bacteria to regulate their behavior in response to changes in the environment. Genetic communication ensures the microbial resistance against the antibiotics. Interspecies communication plays a major role in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. The aim of this review is compiled the scenarios interspecies interaction.

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Autoinducer-2 influences interactions amongst pioneer colonizing streptococci in oral biofilms

Cited by 63 publications

References 54 publications

Stress Physiology of Lactic Acid Bacteria

Stress Physiology of Lactic Acid Bacteria

Autoinducer-2 detection among commensal oral streptococci is dependent on pH and boric acid

Subgi̇ngi̇val Plak İçi̇nde Bakteri̇yel Etki̇leşi̇mler

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