Abstract:There are several situations such as medical emergencies and incidents involving mass casualties where drugs and antidotes have to be administered immediately along with other first aid at the site of the event. Self-administration by the affected person or by a companion is required as a life-saving measure. Autoinjector devices (AIDs) are useful for the rapid administration of drugs and antidotes and they can also be used by those who have not been medically trained. This makes them very convenient for emerg… Show more
“…These devices have increased patient compliance and adherence because the drugs can be self-injected. Several antidotes for toxic and poisonous chemicals, disease modifying drugs and monoclonal antibodies have been proven to be very effective, easy to use and tolerable in humans ( Vijayaraghavan, 2020 ). Fig.…”
Section: Drug Delivery Through Autoinjectormentioning
Autoinjectors are self-injectable devices; they are important class of medical devices which can deliver drugs through subcutaneous or intramuscular route. They enclose prefilled syringes or cartridges which are driven by a spring system. The major benefits of this device are easy self-administration, improved patient compliance, reduced anxiety, and dosage accuracy. Immediate treatment during emergency conditions such as anaphylaxis, migraine, and status epilepticus or for chronic conditions like psoriasis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, Reformulation of first-generation biologics, technical advancements, innovative designs, patient compliance, overwhelming interest for self-administration all these made entry of more and more autoinjectors into use. In this review, intensive efforts have been made for exploring the different types of currently available autoinjectors for the management of emergency and chronic diseases.
“…These devices have increased patient compliance and adherence because the drugs can be self-injected. Several antidotes for toxic and poisonous chemicals, disease modifying drugs and monoclonal antibodies have been proven to be very effective, easy to use and tolerable in humans ( Vijayaraghavan, 2020 ). Fig.…”
Section: Drug Delivery Through Autoinjectormentioning
Autoinjectors are self-injectable devices; they are important class of medical devices which can deliver drugs through subcutaneous or intramuscular route. They enclose prefilled syringes or cartridges which are driven by a spring system. The major benefits of this device are easy self-administration, improved patient compliance, reduced anxiety, and dosage accuracy. Immediate treatment during emergency conditions such as anaphylaxis, migraine, and status epilepticus or for chronic conditions like psoriasis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, Reformulation of first-generation biologics, technical advancements, innovative designs, patient compliance, overwhelming interest for self-administration all these made entry of more and more autoinjectors into use. In this review, intensive efforts have been made for exploring the different types of currently available autoinjectors for the management of emergency and chronic diseases.
“…For rapid administration and faster absorption of the drug, autoinjector device (AID) is preferable. 1 – 3 The AID is a convenient method for quick administration of drugs. The drugs are delivered by spray effect by the AID, providing a larger area for absorption.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…administrations. 2 , 3 Many AIDs are available with specific monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of myocardial infarction, hypercholesterolaemia, joint and bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. These AIDs are mostly for s.c. administration and are in various stages of clinical trials.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These AIDs are mostly for s.c. administration and are in various stages of clinical trials. 2 , 3 , 6 Initially, the AID was developed for nerve agent exposure and that required immediate administration. Nerve agent exposure would inhibit acetylcholinesterase resulting in excess acetylcholine, leading to respiratory muscle paralysis and death.…”
Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of autoinjector devices (AIDs) in rabbits by intramuscular (i.m.) administration, using haematological and biochemical markers. Introduction: Emergency and mass casualty situations require immediate drug delivery for which AIDs are preferred. The tolerability of amikacin as antibacterial and buprenorphine as analgesic AID has been studied in rats by intraperitoneal administration. In the present study, it was evaluated in rabbits by i.m. administration. Methods: Water-filled glass cartridges (2.3–2.4 mL) were converted to amikacin (106 mg/mL) and buprenorphine (0.128 mg/mL) cartridges. Dual dose AID was used for i.m. administration (1.2 mL). The study was done as a crossover design on 12 rabbits. Initially, three rabbits each were given manually or AID, 57 mg/kg amikacin, and three rabbits each by manual or by AID, 0.07 mg/kg buprenorphine for 7 days. After 1 month, the injections were changed in the rabbits. In the place of manual injection, AID and in the place of amikacin, buprenorphine injection was given. This ensured that all rabbits received 14 injections, 7 manual and 7 AID consisting of 7 amikacin and 7 buprenorphine. 24 h before and 24 h after last drug administrations, blood was withdrawn from ear vein for haematological and biochemical estimations. Results: The rabbits were healthy, active and no sign of any injection-related changes were observed after administration of amikacin and buprenorphine by manually or by AID. The haematological and biochemical parameters showed similar changes in manual and AID administration of amikacin and buprenorphine. Conclusion: The present study of amikacin and buprenorphine by AID shows the safety of the device and is recommended for further experimentation. These AIDs are intended for self-administration during emergency and mass causality situation and are suitable for adults and children, as well as farm and pet animals.
“…As accessibility to the primary health centre or hospital may not be easy or possible during disasters and thus getting appropriate expert care and antibiotic support will be a question. So, to overcome such a situation, an antibacterial autoinjector would be useful (Vijayaraghavan, 2020). The wound is a loss of cellular and functional continuity of living tissues.…”
To evaluate the effectiveness of amikacin administered by autoinjector compared to manual injection on infected excision wound model of Wistar rats. Randomly bred 14 Wistar rats of either sex weighing 180 to 230 g were used for the present study. The study has the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used for infecting the wounds.1 mL of blood was withdrawn aseptically from the orbital sinus under isoflurane anaesthesia, and the biochemical parameters were carried out. All results were expressed as mean ± SEM, and the results were compared statistically by one-way ANOVA using Sigma Plot 13. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The biochemical parameters in the study was more or less similar. The infected rats treated with amikacin showed faster wound contraction compared to control. This study concludes the effectiveness of amikacin administered through autoinjectors and manual injection in infected excision wound model as similar. Therefore, amikacin autoinjector is a better choice to manual injection to overcome from wound infections if it is administered at the right time in case of emergency or whenever required. Injury and wound infection are common in natural and manmade disasters. Serious bacterial wound infections are a potential threat to open injuries. As accessibility to the primary health centre or hospital may not be easy or possible during disasters and to overcome such a situation, an antibacterial autoinjector would be useful.
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