Automated Motion Tracking and Data Extraction for Red Blood Cell Biomechanics

Kumar, Arun; Schmidt, Brendan R.; Sanchez, Zyrina Alura C.; Yazar, Feyza; Davis, Ronald W.; Ramasubramanian, Anand K.; Saha, Amit K.

doi:10.1002/cpcy.75

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Therefore, to circumvent the impact of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL5, and IL-13 are secreted to regulate inflammation ( Torre et al, 2002 ). Also, the immunoregulatory cytokines IL-10 and tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-β) have been shown to regulate the levels of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in an effort to restore homeostatic balance ( Kumar et al, 2020 ). On these basis, several studies have proposed that the ratio of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines as significant predictors of disease outcome ( Kurtzhals et al, 1998 ; Othoro et al, 1999 ; Kidd, 2003 ; Sinha et al, 2010 ; Farrington et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic Malaria Infection Is Maintained by a Balanced Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Response

et al. 2020

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Background Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are important mediators of immunity and are associated with malaria disease outcomes. However, their role in the establishment of asymptomatic infections, which may precede the development of clinical symptoms, is not as well-understood. Methods We determined the association of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and other immune effector molecules with the development of asymptomatic malaria. We measured and compared the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12p70, IL-17A, and granzyme B, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and the regulatory cytokine IL-10 from children with asymptomatic malaria infections (either microscopic or submicroscopic) and uninfected controls using Luminex. Results We show that individuals with microscopic asymptomatic malaria had significantly increased levels of TNF-α and IL-6 compared to uninfected controls. Children with either microscopic or submicroscopic asymptomatic malaria exhibited higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-4 compared to uninfected controls. The levels of most of the pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines were comparable between children with microscopic and submicroscopic infections. The ratio of IFN-γ/IL-10, TNF-α/IL-10, IL-6/IL-10 as well as IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-6/IL-4 did not differ significantly between the groups. Additionally, using a principal component analysis, the cytokines measured could not distinguish amongst the three study populations. This may imply that neither microscopic nor submicroscopic asymptomatic infections were polarized toward a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory response. Conclusion The data show that asymptomatic malaria infections result in increased plasma levels of both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines relative to uninfected persons. The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are, however, largely maintained and this may in part, explain the lack of clinical symptoms. This is consistent with the generally accepted observation that clinical symptoms develop as a result of immunopathology involving dysregulation of inflammatory mediator balance in favor of pro-inflammatory mediators.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic Malaria Infection Is Maintained by a Balanced Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Response

et al. 2020

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“…Time-lapse images were captured every 10 s for 10 times, and 561-nm (mCherry) lasers were used for imaging. Image-Pro software was used to analyze the vesicle numbers and the total trajectory distance, with the maximum length set to 1 µm (typical vesicle diameter) in order to filter selected objects and the trajectory duration for 100 s ( 61 ). The experiments described were performed with four biological replicates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary carbonic anhydrase II in winged aphid morph facilitates plant infection by viruses

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Aphids are the most common insect vector transmitting hundreds of plant viruses. Aphid wing dimorphism (winged vs. wingless) not only showcases the phenotypic plasticity but also impacts virus transmission; however, the superiority of winged aphids in virus transmission over the wingless morph is not well understood. Here, we show that plant viruses were efficiently transmitted and highly infectious when associated with the winged morph of Myzus persicae and that a salivary protein contributed to this difference. The carbonic anhydrase II ( CA-II ) gene was identified by RNA-seq of salivary glands to have higher expression in the winged morph. Aphids secreted CA-II into the apoplastic region of plant cells, leading to elevated accumulation of H + . Apoplastic acidification further increased the activities of polygalacturonases, the cell wall homogalacturonan (HG)-modifying enzymes, promoting degradation of demethylesterified HGs. In response to apoplastic acidification, plants accelerated vesicle trafficking to enhance pectin transport and strengthen the cell wall, which also facilitated virus translocation from the endomembrane system to the apoplast. Secretion of a higher quantity of salivary CA-II by winged aphids promoted intercellular vesicle transport in the plant. The higher vesicle trafficking induced by winged aphids enhanced dispersal of virus particles from infected cells to neighboring cells, thus resulting in higher virus infection in plants relative to the wingless morph. These findings imply that the difference in the expression of salivary CA-II between winged and wingless morphs is correlated with the vector role of aphids during the posttransmission infection process, which influences the outcome of plant endurance of virus infection.

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“…In general, more sophisticated and integrated platforms are desirable to efficiently handle these complex analyses. There are also applications in the molecular diagnostics with good prospects toward commercialization [444], including microscopy-based analysis of RBCs [445], image-based RBC motion tracking [446], detection of thrombosis and hemostasis [447,448], immune checkpoint therapies [449], and the "liquid biopsy" of circulating tumor cells and fetal nucleated RBCs [450].…”

Section: Future Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Microfluidics for Single Red Blood Cell Analysis

et al. 2023

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The utilizations of microfluidic chips for single RBC (red blood cell) studies have attracted great interests in recent years to filter, trap, analyze, and release single erythrocytes for various applications. Researchers in this field have highlighted the vast potential in developing micro devices for industrial and academia usages, including lab-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip systems. This article critically reviews the current state-of-the-art and recent advances of microfluidics for single RBC analyses, including integrated sensors and microfluidic platforms for microscopic/tomographic/spectroscopic single RBC analyses, trapping arrays (including bifurcating channels), dielectrophoretic and agglutination/aggregation studies, as well as clinical implications covering cancer, sepsis, prenatal, and Sickle Cell diseases. Microfluidics based RBC microarrays, sorting/counting and trapping techniques (including acoustic, dielectrophoretic, hydrodynamic, magnetic, and optical techniques) are also reviewed. Lastly, organs on chips, multi-organ chips, and drug discovery involving single RBC are described. The limitations and drawbacks of each technology are addressed and future prospects are discussed.

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Automated Motion Tracking and Data Extraction for Red Blood Cell Biomechanics

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Asymptomatic Malaria Infection Is Maintained by a Balanced Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Response

Asymptomatic Malaria Infection Is Maintained by a Balanced Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Response

Salivary carbonic anhydrase II in winged aphid morph facilitates plant infection by viruses

Advances in Microfluidics for Single Red Blood Cell Analysis

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