Automated techniques for blood vessels segmentation through fundus retinal images: A review

Akbar, Shahzad; Sharif, Muhammad; Akram, M. Usman; Saba, Tanzila; Mahmood, Toqeer; Kolivand, Mahyar

doi:10.1002/jemt.23172

Cited by 49 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…By contrast, the computer based analysis that we used allowed us to detect minimal changes, invisible to the naked eye. In addition, semi-automatic analysis of fundus photographs is quick and offers an objective evaluation to monitor changes overtime [28] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19: Results from the SERPICO-19 study

Invernizzi¹,

Torre²,

Parrulli³

et al. 2020

EClinicalMedicine

231

238

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated to microvascular alterations. We screened the fundus of patients with COVID-19 to detect alterations of the retina and its vasculature and to assess possible correlations with clinical parameters. Methods Cross-sectional study. The presence of retinal alterations in patients with COVID-19 and subjects unexposed to the virus was assessed using fundus photographs and their prevalence was compared. Mean arteries diameter (MAD) and mean veins diameter (MVD) were compared between patients and unexposed subjects with multiple linear regression including age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, smoking/alcohol consumption, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes as covariates. The influence of clinical/lab parameters on retinal findings was tested in COVID-19 patients. Findings 54 patients and 133 unexposed subjects were enrolled. Retinal findings in COVID-19 included: haemorrhages (9·25%), cotton wools spots (7·4%), dilated veins (27·7%), tortuous vessels (12·9%). Both MAD and MVD were higher in COVID-19 patients compared to unexposed subjects (98·3 ± 15·3 µm vs 91·9 ± 11·7 µm, p = 0.006 and 138·5 ± 21·5 µm vs 123·2 ± 13·0 µm, p <0.0001, respectively). In multiple regression accounting for covariates MVD was positively associated with COVID-19 both in severe (coefficient 30·3, CI95% 18·1–42·4) and non-severe (coefficient 10·3, CI95% 1·6–19·0) cases compared to unexposed subjects. In COVID-19 patients MVD was negatively correlated with the time from symptoms onset (coefficient −1·0, CI 95% −1·89 to −0·20) and positively correlated with disease severity (coefficient 22·0, CI 95% 5·2–38·9). Interpretation COVID-19 can affect the retina. Retinal veins diameter seems directly correlated with the disease severity. Its assessment could have possible applications in the management of COVID-19. Funding None.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19: Results from the SERPICO-19 study

Invernizzi¹,

Torre²,

Parrulli³

et al. 2020

EClinicalMedicine

231

238

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The research of retinal blood vessel image technology is in the ascendant. Although this study has achieved good results in segmenting retinal blood vessels, a lot of improvement is needed 13 - 15 . The experimental samples are all from foreign databases of retinal images, which affects the universality of the study 16 , 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Construction and application of color fundus image segmentation algorithm based on Multi-Scale local combined global enhancement

2021

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Objective: Aiming at the problem of low accuracy in extracting small blood vessels from existing retinal blood vessel images, a retinal blood vessel segmentation method based on a combination of a multi-scale linear detector and local and global enhancement is proposed. Methods: The multi-scale line detector is studied, and it is divided into two parts: small scale and large scale. The small scale is used to detect the locally enhanced image and the large scale is used to detect the globally enhanced image. Fusion the response functions at different scales to get the final retinal vascular structure. Results: Experiments on two databases STARE and DRIVE, show that the average vascular accuracy rates obtained by the algorithm reach 96.62% and 96.45%, and the average true positive rates reach 75.52% and 83.07%, respectively. Conclusion: The segmentation accuracy is high, and better blood vessel segmentation results can be obtained. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.6-WIT.4848 How to cite this:Hao Y, Xie H, Qiu R. Construction and application of color fundus image segmentation algorithm based on Multi-Scale local combined global enhancement. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(6):1595-1599. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.6-WIT.4848 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…There are many methods to segment blood vessels in retina images. 19 In these examples, the images were segmented manually as the number of images was low and there was considerable variation in the signal and contrast levels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of illumination spectrum and eye pigmentation on image quality from a fundus camera using transscleral illumination

2021

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Significance: The use of the transscleral illumination approach has the potential to simplify the optical design of fundus cameras. In particular, this approach could allow the use of smaller and cheaper cameras that are easier to use by non-specialists, thereby facilitating a wider spread of eye disease screening programs.Aim: Our aim was to investigate the suitability of transscleral illumination in a fundus camera system. In particular, we explored the impact of the illumination spectrum and the eye pigmentation on the quality of the image. These factors have never been systematically investigated before in the literature on transscleral illumination.Approach: A fundus camera was constructed using transscleral illumination. We studied the influence of eye pigmentation and choice of illumination spectra on the image quality for a group of 10 individuals with varied skin pigmentation, ranging from pale white (North-European) to darkest brown (African). The influence of the light source spectrum on the image quality was assessed using wavelength filters.Results: There was a difference of a factor of 100 in the signal level of retinal images between individuals with low and high skin pigmentation. The image contrast was highest using illumination wavelengths of 500 to 600 nm. The illumination level can be adjusted to obtain highquality images for highly pigmented eyes while keeping the system eye-safe. Conclusions:We have demonstrated that a fundus camera with transscleral illumination can provide high-quality images. However, the variations observed in scleral and retinal pigmentation in a practical setting require a system that must be able to adapt illumination and/or exposure to the individual patient.

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Automated techniques for blood vessels segmentation through fundus retinal images: A review

Cited by 49 publications

References 106 publications

Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19: Results from the SERPICO-19 study

Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19: Results from the SERPICO-19 study

Construction and application of color fundus image segmentation algorithm based on Multi-Scale local combined global enhancement

Impact of illumination spectrum and eye pigmentation on image quality from a fundus camera using transscleral illumination

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