Automatic Devices for Extracting Alkaloidal Solutions

Preparation, Sterilization, and Preservation of Ophthalmic Solutions

“…17 All assays were run in duplicate, so that each Table represents the average of two or more determinations for each lot tested. More than one lot of each type of collyrium was tested.…”

The First 110 Years of Laboratory Automation: Technologies, Applications, and the Creative Scientist

“…[15][16][17] During the 1920s, we also see specialized devices used for solvent extractions in botanical research. Palkin et al 18 in 1925 created continuous liquid-liquid extractors with internal diffusers so that the extraction solvent would be "sprayed" through the aqueous phase. The increased surface area improved extraction efficiency, and the entire apparatus replaced manually shaken separatory funnels.…”

Role in Extraction in Analytical Chemistry

“…This apparatus is particularly useful for the ether extraction of aqueous solutions of inorganic substances. With solvents heavier than the solution being treated, the extractor in Figure 3 may be used (30). One type of extractor may be converted to the other simply by changing the tube inside the jacket.…”