Automatic identification of topographic surfaces related to the sub-Cambrian peneplain (SCP) in southern Norway — Surface generation algorithms and implications

Jarsve, Erlend M.; Krøgli, Svein Olav; Etzelmüller, Bernd; Gabrielsen, Roy H.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.12.032

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Holtedahl 1955;Corner 2005;Gabrielsen et al 2010;Green et al 2013;Lidmar-Bergström et al 2013). As also documented by Jarsve et al (2014), the peneplain in South Norway has the shape of a fault-constrained plateau, rather than that of a 'dome' (Fig. 12).…”

Section: Discussion: the Geological History And Morphological Developmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…During this major transgression the relief of the peneplain probably exceeded 10-20 m only locally, as recorded from Hardangervidda (Jarsve et al 2014) and the Öland-Gotland area (Flodén 1980;Lidmar-Bergström et al 2013), with the exception of local, wide (up to 40 m width) depressions (valleys; see above). The level peneplain was well suited for quick and extensive flooding in response to modest sea-level rises and also for regionally extensive regressions during moderate falls in sea level.…”

Section: Denudation Burial and Alteration Of The Sub-cambrian Peneplainmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…(Vassdalstjern), is strongly faulted in places; for example, in the Røldal area, where the elevation of the peneplain drops to less than 1000 m a.s.l., and at Låtevatn, where it drops to a mere 406 m a.s.l. Also, in the western and northwestern parts of Hardangervidda, the peneplain is broken up by normal faults, the larger of which display a normal separation of more than 250 m (Rekstad 1903;Sigmond 1998;Jarsve et al 2014). Several fault sets of different orientations (north-south, WNW-ESE and NW-SE), throw (10-250 m) and steepness occur, particularly in the western part of Hardangervidda (see also Reusch 1902;Rekstad 1903).…”

Section: The Present Topography Of the Sub-cambrian Peneplain In Soutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…at Hallingskarvet north of Hardangervidda, beneath the Jotun nappes. It was highlighted by Jarsve et al (2014) in a recent morphological-topographical study of the peneplain in central South Norway that the peneplain has been elevated from sea level to more than 1000 m a.s.l. at the eastern margin of the mountain plateau of Hardangervidda in post-Cambrian time.…”

Section: The Sub-cambrian Peneplain As Indicator Of Post-caledonian Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sub-Cambrian Peneplain in southern Norway: its geological significance and its implications for post-Caledonian faulting, uplift and denudation

Gabrielsen

Nystuen

Jarsve

et al. 2015

JGS

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The Sub-Cambrian Peneplain in southern Norway formed in the Cryogenian–early Cambrian. It was transgressed in the Cambrian–early Ordovician, and subsequently broken up by Caledonian thrusting, post-Caledonian normal faulting and regional uplift. In southern Norway the Sub-Cambrian Peneplain is generally expressed as an angular unconformity or nonconformity surface with no apparent deep weathering. In some localities the basement is characterized by a weathered top. Furthermore, the basement may have a mineralized top in some cases. The peneplain is commonly overlain by in situ regolith, and/or Cryogenian glacial diamictite, Lower–Middle Cambrian siliciclastic sediments, Lower–Upper Cambrian black shale or Lower Ordovician limestone. It has commonly mildly tectonized contacts, but occasionally displays contacts that have been completely destroyed by Caledonian thrusting and reworked into fault rocks. Tracing the peneplain across southern Norway reveals a fault-affected and fault-delineated plateau with a sloping eastern margin. Onshore cumulative offsets record vertical movements of > 2000 m. A 1–5° dip below Caledonian nappes suggests a flexural component related to tectonic overburden. As the oldest identifiable and dateable surface covering much of Scandinavia the peneplain constitutes the reference surface for studies of the younger regional morphotectonic evolution. Its shape supports the interpretation that Cenozoic uplift combined with faulting, not smooth flexural doming, caused the Southern Scandes high in South Norway.

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Section: Discussion: the Geological History And Morphological Developmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Denudation Burial and Alteration Of The Sub-cambrian Peneplainmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: The Present Topography Of the Sub-cambrian Peneplain In Soutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Sub-cambrian Peneplain As Indicator Of Post-caledonian Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Sub-Cambrian Peneplain in southern Norway: its geological significance and its implications for post-Caledonian faulting, uplift and denudation

Gabrielsen

Nystuen

Jarsve

et al. 2015

JGS

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“…In ad di tion, some of the pres ent-day Swed ish land scape types -such as plains with re sid ual hills and un du lat ing hilly re lief -are di rectly de rived (re-worked) from the sub-Cam brian pe ne plain re-ex posed dur ing the Me so zoic and Ce no zoic (Lidmar-Bergström, 1995;Lidmar-Bergström and Olvmo, 2015;Lidmar-Bergström et al, 2017). In ter est ingly, the pe ne plain's sur face is found even in up lifted ar eas such as the South Swed ish Dome (Lidmar-Bergström et al, 2017) and the Hardanger pla teau in South ern Nor way, the lat ter is >1000 m above mean sea level (Jarsve et al, 2014;Japsen et al, 2018) and has sur vived glaciations (Bonow et al, 2003). Eastwards, the pe ne plain's sur face dips un der the Bal tic Ba sin (Lidmar-Bergström, 1993, 1995Lidmar-Bergström et al, 2013, 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A large array of inselbergs on a continuation of the sub-Cambrian peneplain in the Baltic Basin: evidence from seismic data, Western Lithuania

Grendaitė

Michelevicius²,

Radzevičius³

2022

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The sub-Cam brian pe ne plain is well-known in Scan di na via, out crop ping in Fin land, Swe den and Nor way. This pe ne plain is thought to have formed within the Bal tic Sea re gion in Cryogenian and Ediacaran/early Cam brian time, when Baltica, a part of Rodinia for most of that time, ex pe ri enced tec tonic sta bil ity, strong sheet-wash weath er ing and glaciations. While the pene plain out crops in the Bal tic Shield re gion, it con tin ues be neath Phanerozoic strata of the Bal tic Ba sin. This bur ied part of the sub-Cam brian pe ne plain is known to have sev eral iso lated inselbergs. We in ter pret newly ac quired 2D and 3D seis mic data and show that the sub-Cam brian pe ne plain ex tends at least to West ern Lith u a nia where the palaeotopography of the Pre cam brian base ment changes its char ac ter from pe ne plain-like flat to hilly ter rain with a large ar ray of inselbergs. Even though some of the larg est fea tures of this palaeotopography have been known be fore, they are here dem on strated for the first time within the re gional con text of the sub-Cam brian pe ne plain.

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The Concept of Lineaments in Geological Structural Analysis; Principles and Methods: A Review Based on Examples from Norway

Gabrielsen,

Olesen

2024

Geomatics

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Application of lineament analysis in structural geology gained renewed interest when remote sensing data and technology became available through dedicated Earth observation satellites like Landsat in 1972. Lineament data have since been widely used in general structural investigations and resource and geohazard studies. The present contribution argues that lineament analysis remains a useful tool in structural geology research both at the regional and local scales. However, the traditional “lineament study” is only one of several methods. It is argued here that structural and lineament remote sensing studies can be separated into four distinct strategies or approaches. The general analyzing approach includes general structural analysis and identification of foliation patterns and composite structural units (mega-units). The general approach is routinely used by most geologists in preparation for field work, and it is argued that at least parts of this should be performed manually by staff who will participate in the field activity. We argue that this approach should be a cyclic process so that the lineament database is continuously revised by the integration of data acquired by field data and supplementary data sets, like geophysical geochronological data. To ensure that general geological (field) knowledge is not neglected, it is our experience that at least a part of this type of analysis should be performed manually. The statistical approach conforms with what most geologists would regard as “lineament analysis” and is based on statistical scrutiny of the available lineament data with the aim of identifying zones of an enhanced (or subdued) lineament density. It would commonly predict the general geometric characteristics and classification of individual lineaments or groups of lineaments. Due to efficiency, capacity, consistency of interpretation methods, interpretation and statistical handling, this interpretative approach may most conveniently be performed through the use of automatized methods, namely by applying algorithms for pattern recognition and machine learning. The focused and dynamic approaches focus on specified lineaments or faults and commonly include a full structural geological analysis and data acquired from field work. It is emphasized that geophysical (potential field) data should be utilized in lineament analysis wherever available in all approaches. Furthermore, great care should be taken in the construction of the database, which should be tailored for this kind of study. The database should have a 3D or even 4D capacity and be object-oriented and designed to absorb different (and even unforeseen) data types on all scales. It should also be designed to interface with shifting modeling tools and other databases. Studies of the Norwegian mainland have utilized most of these strategies in lineament studies on different scales. It is concluded that lineament studies have revealed fracture and fault systems and the geometric relations between them, which would have remained unknown without application of remote sensing data and lineament analysis.

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Automatic identification of topographic surfaces related to the sub-Cambrian peneplain (SCP) in southern Norway — Surface generation algorithms and implications

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

The Sub-Cambrian Peneplain in southern Norway: its geological significance and its implications for post-Caledonian faulting, uplift and denudation

The Sub-Cambrian Peneplain in southern Norway: its geological significance and its implications for post-Caledonian faulting, uplift and denudation

A large array of inselbergs on a continuation of the sub-Cambrian peneplain in the Baltic Basin: evidence from seismic data, Western Lithuania

The Concept of Lineaments in Geological Structural Analysis; Principles and Methods: A Review Based on Examples from Norway

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