Automatic Infrared Refractors-1984

Rassow, B.; Wesemann, W.

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(84)34374-3

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…All images were graded at the Ocular Epidemiology Research Services, Madison, Wisc., USA. Interobserver and intra-observer variations and the validity of the systems have been presented elsewhere [20,21,22,24]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Smoking a Risk Factor for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes?

et al. 2013

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Aim: The aim was to evaluate if smoking was a risk factor for proliferative retinopathy (PDR) in a 25-year follow-up study. Methods: 201 persons from a population-based cohort of Danish type 1 diabetic patients were examined at baseline and again 25 years later. At both examinations the patients were asked about their smoking habits. The level of retinopathy was evaluated by ophthalmoscopy at baseline and by nine 45-degree colour field fundus photos at the follow-up. Results: In multivariate analyses there was a trend that current smokers at baseline were more likely to develop PDR at the follow-up (odds ratio 1.90, 95% confidence interval 0.88-4.11, p = 0.10). Neither smoking status at the follow-up nor pack-years of smoking were associated with PDR. Conclusions: We found neither a beneficial nor a harmful effect of smoking on long-term incidence. Selective mortality among smokers and patients with PDR at baseline might provide at least part of the explanation for this.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Smoking a Risk Factor for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes?

et al. 2013

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“…Bu cihazlar›n kullan›m› kolay olup, manuel retinoskopik refraksiyon ölçümünden daha h›zl› ve hastalar aç›s›ndan daha konforlu sonuçlar vermektedir (1). Bu yüzden bu cihazlar klinik uygulamalarda yüksek oranda kabul görmüfllerdir.…”

Section: Giriflunclassified

Comparison of Refractive Errors Measured by Plusoptix S08, Potec PRK-6000 and Nidek ARK-30 Hand-Held Autorefractometer in School-Age Children and Adult Population

Arıcı¹,

Türk²,

Ceylan³

et al. 2010

tjo

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ÖzetAmaç: Okulça¤› çocuklar›nda ve yetiflkinlerde Plusoptix SO8 fotorefraktometre, Nidek ARK-30 elde tafl›n›r otorefraktometre ve Potec PRK-6000 otorefraktometre ile saptanan refraksiyon kusurlar›n› karfl›laflt›rmak. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çal›flmaya refraksiyon kusuru d›fl›nda ek bir oküler patoloji bulunmayan 45 hastan›n 90 gözü dahil edildi. Refraksiyon kusurlar› s›ras›yla Potec PRK-6000 otorefraktometre, Nidek ARK-30 elde tafl›n›r otorefraktometre ve Plusoptix S08 fotorefraktometre ile ölçüldü. Çal›flmadaki olgular okul ça¤› pediatrik (Grup 1) ve eriflkin (Grup 2) olmak üzere iki gruba ayr›ld›. Her iki gruptan üç cihazla elde edilen sferik, silindirik, silindirik aks, sferik eflde¤er ve interpupiller mesafe de¤erleri birbiriyle istatistiksel olarak karfl›laflt›r›ld›. Sonuçlar: Olgular›n ortalama yafl› Grup 1'de (n=21) 9,95±3,14, Grup 2'de (n=24) 23,46±5,36 idi. Her iki grupta da üç cihaz ile elde edilen sferik güç ve sferik eflde¤er de¤erleri aç›s›ndan istatistiksel olarak anlaml› bir farkl›l›k mevcutken (p<0,05), silindirik güç aç›s›ndan anlaml› bir farjkl›l›k yoktu (s›ras›yla p=0,641, p=0,431). Her iki grupta cihazlar aras›nda 0° ve 45°a kstaki Jackson çapraz silindir güç de¤erlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlaml› bir farkl›l›k bulunmamaktayd› (p>0,05). Potec PRK-6000 ve Plusoptix S08 ile saptanan interpupiller mesafe de¤erleri Grup 1'de istatistiksel olarak anlaml› bir fark sergilerken, Grup 2'deki fark anlaml› de¤ildi. Tart›flma: ‹ki grupta da üç cihazla elde edilen silindirik güç ve silindirik aks ölçümleri birbirleriyle uyumlu bulunurken, sferik refraksiyon ve sferik eflde¤er de¤erleri uyumlu bulunmam›flt›r. Akomodasyon, okulça¤› çocuklar› ve genç eriflkinlerdeki sferik refraksiyon ölçümlerinde belirgin flekilde etkili bir faktördür. Bu yüzden cihazlar aras›ndaki farkl›l›ktan akomodasyon sorumlu tutulabilir. ( SummaryPurpose: To compare the refractive errors measured with Plusoptix S08 photorefractometer, Nidek ARK-30 hand-held autorefractometer and Potec PRK-6000 autorefractometer in school-age children and adult population. Material and Method: Ninety eyes of 45 patients who did not have ocular pathology apart from refractive error were enrolled in the study. Refractive errors were measured by Potec PRK-6000 autorefractometer, Nidek ARK-30 hand-held autorefractometer and Plusoptix S08 photorefractometer, respectively. The subjects were separated into two groups: Group 1 (school-age, pediatric) and Group 2 (adult). The measurements of spherical and cylindrical power, cylindrical axis, spherical equivalent and interpupillary distance obtained by the three devices in both groups were statistically compared. Results: The mean age was 9.95±3.14 years in Group 1 (n=21) and 23.46±5.36 in Group 2 (n=24). While the differences in spherical power and spherical equivalent measured by the three devices were found statistically significant in both groups (p<0.05), there was no significant difference in cylindrical power measurements (p=0.641, p=0.431, respectively). In both groups, no statistically significant differen...

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“…For this purpose, four reference parameters with pertinent reference ranges were defined in accordance with the recommendation of Rassow and Wesemann [7,8]: a) Total refraction: 0-1.0 dpt. b) Spherical equivalent:…”

Section: Test Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variation of the cylinder axes are specified in diopters. This results from the calculation described by Rassow and Wesemann [7]. The error of the cylinder axes in degrees is additionally related to the value of cylindrical power of the reference measurement (here the autorefractor value after three days).…”

Section: Total Refractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycloplegic refraction in children: Single-dose-atropinization versus three-day-atropinization

Auffarth¹,

Hunold²

1992

Doc Ophthalmol

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A new scheme for refractive measurements under atropine cycloplegia was tested in 90 strabismic children aged two to several years. Refraction was determined by an autorefractor (CANON R 10) 90 minutes after application of two drops of atropine (0.5% atropine children < 2 1/2 years; 1.0% atropine children > 2 1/2 years) and compared with the results after 3 days of receiving 1 atropine eyedrop 3 times daily. In 86.5% the spherical equivalents differ not more than 1.0 diopter (p = 0.05); the correlation was 0.99. Astigmatic corrections were in agreement in 95.5%, the axis of cylinders in 93.0% (p = 0.05); the correlations were 0.95 and 0.97. The residual accommodation 90 minutes after 2 drops of atropine was not more than 1 diopter in all children. The additional cycloplegic effect of the three-day-atropinization was only 0.5 diopters. This new type of application allows a more rapid and less toxic assessment of refraction than the usual three-day-atropinization.

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Automatic Infrared Refractors-1984

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Is Smoking a Risk Factor for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes?

Is Smoking a Risk Factor for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes?

Comparison of Refractive Errors Measured by Plusoptix S08, Potec PRK-6000 and Nidek ARK-30 Hand-Held Autorefractometer in School-Age Children and Adult Population

Cycloplegic refraction in children: Single-dose-atropinization versus three-day-atropinization

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