“…It is also possible to integrate the indicators of marine ecosystem state into a meta-indicator that provides a metric of the risk of failure to remain healthy of a particular ecosystem. This is an approach developed in industrial failure analysis, where multiple sensors are integrated into a meta-sensor, defined as a virtual sensor that compresses the information from several sensors in an optimal manner (Butters et al, 2015). Integrated, meta-indicators have been developed in the context of marine biodiversity assessments in European seas (e.g., Andersen et al, 2014;Borja et al, 2016;Heiskanen et al, 2016;Uusitalo et al, 2016).…”