Autonomous Weapons Systems, the Frame Problem and Computer Security

Klincewicz, Michał

doi:10.1080/15027570.2015.1069013

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It will become particularly constructive to consider the transparency of human actions and motivations in this respect [1,66]. This can be extended similarly to other AI systems such as autonomous weapons systems and the ability for those systems to understand non-verbal commands given by friendly combatants, or even non-friendly ones, such as in cases where enemy combatants or civilians surrender [67][68][69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing AI for Explainability and Verifiability: A Value Sensitive Design Approach to Avoid Artificial Stupidity in Autonomous Vehicles

Umbrello

Yampolskiy

2021

Int J of Soc Robotics

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One of the primary, if not most critical, difficulties in the design and implementation of autonomous systems is the black-boxed nature of the decision-making structures and logical pathways. How human values are embodied and actualised in situ may ultimately prove to be harmful if not outright recalcitrant. For this reason, the values of stakeholders become of particular significance given the risks posed by opaque structures of intelligent agents. This paper explores how decision matrix algorithms, via the belief-desire-intention model for autonomous vehicles, can be designed to minimize the risks of opaque architectures. Primarily through an explicit orientation towards designing for the values of explainability and verifiability. In doing so, this research adopts the Value Sensitive Design (VSD) approach as a principled framework for the incorporation of such values within design. VSD is recognized as a potential starting point that offers a systematic way for engineering teams to formally incorporate existing technical solutions within ethical design, while simultaneously remaining pliable to emerging issues and needs. It is concluded that the VSD methodology offers at least a strong enough foundation from which designers can begin to anticipate design needs and formulate salient design flows that can be adapted to the changing ethical landscapes required for utilisation in autonomous vehicles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing AI for Explainability and Verifiability: A Value Sensitive Design Approach to Avoid Artificial Stupidity in Autonomous Vehicles

Umbrello

Yampolskiy

2021

Int J of Soc Robotics

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“…How can autonomous weapons like drones in rescue missions be able to detect civilians from targets? Is it true that such an AI-powered system may end up harming innocent civilians at the expense of the targeted persons (Klincewicz, 2015)?…”

Section: Autonomous Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Philosophical paradigms in information technology research

Geofrey Mwamba Nyabuto,

Franklin Wabwoba

2024

World J. Adv. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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Having been in existence for nearly 30 years, information technology has revolutionized how human beings carry out their day-to-day life. Its use and adoption have brought about many philosophical issues that need to be reviewed. There are ethical issues concerned with the use of information technology ranging from fake news, autonomous systems, biasedness in AI systems and data privacy among others. As research is being carried out to answer some of these concerns, it will be important to look at the core building blocks of a paradigm and some of the research paradigms that can be used in this field. This paper introduces the field of information technology, where its definition and notable contributions are highlighted. Then it goes on to do a review of existing research paradigms with an emphasis on key components of a research paradigm and the types of research paradigms. Lastly, the paper reviews philosophical issues that exist within information technology with an emphasis on ethical issues. With an understanding of this, it will be easier for researchers in this field to choose a paradigm within the area of information technology that best suits their research.

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“…This could lead to paralysis if the rules are meant to function as hard restraints, or if the rules are designed only as guidelines, this could open the door to robotic behavior that should be prohibited. A further and especially pressing issue concerns what is termed the "frame-problem" (Dennett 1984;Klincewicz 2015), namely to grasp the relevant features of a situation so the correct rules are applied.…”

Section: Background Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying AI on the Battlefield: The Ethical Debates

Reichberg

Syse

2021

Robotics, AI, and Humanity

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Because lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS) are designed to make targeting decisions without the direct intervention of human agents (who are “out of the killing loop”), considerable debate has arisen on whether this mode of autonomous targeting should be deemed morally permissible. Surveying the contours of this debate, the authors first present a prominent ethical argument that has been advanced in favor of LAWS, namely, that AI-directed robotic combatants have an advantage over their human counterparts, insofar as the former operate solely on the basis of rational assessment, while the latter are often swayed by emotions that conduce to poor judgment. Several counter arguments are then presented, inter alia, (1) that emotions have a positive influence on moral judgment and are indispensable to it; (2) that it is a violation of human dignity to be killed by a machine, as opposed to being killed by a human being; and (3) that the honor of the military profession hinges on maintaining an equality of risk between combatants, an equality that would be removed if one side delegates its fighting to robots. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the moral challenges posed by human-AI teaming in battlefield settings, and how virtue ethics provides a valuable framework for addressing these challenges.

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Autonomous Weapons Systems, the Frame Problem and Computer Security

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Designing AI for Explainability and Verifiability: A Value Sensitive Design Approach to Avoid Artificial Stupidity in Autonomous Vehicles

Designing AI for Explainability and Verifiability: A Value Sensitive Design Approach to Avoid Artificial Stupidity in Autonomous Vehicles

Philosophical paradigms in information technology research

Applying AI on the Battlefield: The Ethical Debates

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