Autonomously Propelled Motors for Value‐Added Product Synthesis and Purification

Srivastava, Sarvesh Kumar; Schmidt, Oliver G.

doi:10.1002/chem.201600923

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, the use of self‐propelled particles was also demonstrated for purification purposes. NaBH 4 granules half capped with a graphene polymer composite served as a dynamic platform with increased reactivity for the synthesis of a value‐added product commonly used in food industry: vanillyl alcohol . While NaBH 4 reduces the vanillin to vanillyl alcohol, the graphene–polymer composite allows the immediate capture of the product, acting as a mesoporous sponge.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Propelled Micro/Nanoparticle Motors

Guix

Weiz

Schmidt

et al. 2018

Part & Part Syst Charact

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resulted in a forward motion. Here, the thermodynamic forces act over the inertial thrust. Variations of this motion principle have been reported over the last decade and they will be discussed accordingly in the following sections depending on the micromotor design and the energy source used for its propulsion (i.e., concentration gradient, electric fields, magnetic fields, thermal gradients). Additionally, different approaches to improve the performance in terms of velocity, control, lifetime, and functionality will be covered. However, there are certain constraints on the synthetic autonomous nano-and microparticle performance, such as poor interaction with the surrounding environment (i.e., biological entities) and lack of sensing capabilities, in addition to low lifespan or related toxicity issues. Therefore, biohybrid particulate micromotors appear as a promising solution to overcome such hurdles. They take advantage of the tailored and advanced functions of biological cells or microorganism, such as self-propulsion, sensing, and cargo capabilities, as well as their ability to interact with other cells. Together with the controllability of engineered microobjects, hybrid micro-and nanomotors represent a promising tool for diverse biomedical and environmental applications, where the main power source comes from their natural environment. [11] As shown in Figure 1, in this review we classify micro-and nanoparticle micromotors in two main categories: synthetic and biohybrids. The synthetic micromotors are then divided according to their propulsion mechanism, as follows: those propelled by a catalytic reaction, by optical stimuli, under magnetic fields, with ultrasound steering, electricity, and thermophoresis, respectively. Likewise, the biohybrids are classified as those propelled by bacteria and those employing enzymes as main energy source, respectively. Additionally, we point out the different methods that have been proposed during the last decade to guide the particles and the related collective behavior. We also discuss the potential applications and remaining challenges in the final section of the review. Synthetic Micro/Nanoparticle MotorsThe development of the first sphere-like synthetic micro-and nanomachines with their rotationally symmetric shape was particularly challenging. As per se, they contradict the first rule in the design of microscale devices aiming to perform an effective motility in response to specific energy input: they must present asymmetry. Such symmetry breaking can be associated with shape or the distribution of a certain reactive The growing interest in the design and fabrication of novel autonomous micro-and nanoparticles is motivated by the vast advances in their motion efficiency and their further implementation in both biomedical and environmental fields. The present review covers the motion principle and fabrication procedures of synthetic and hybrid particle-like micromotors reported to date to give a comprehensive view of the key design parameters and different approaches...

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Propelled Micro/Nanoparticle Motors

Guix

Weiz

Schmidt

et al. 2018

Part & Part Syst Charact

Self Cite

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“…Micro/nanomotors are the new generation of nanotechnology which allows objects to propel and perform autonomous motion . They have displayed potential applications in drug delivery and environmental remediation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Micro/nanomotors are the new generation of nanotechnology which allows objects to propel and perform autonomous motion. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] They have displayed potential applications in drug delivery [9][10][11][12] and environmental remediation. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Micro/ nanomotors can be propelled by several mechanisms such as self-electrophoresis, [21] Marangoni effect, [22] and self-diffusiophoresis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanorobots Constructed from Nanoclay: Using Nature to Create Self‐Propelled Autonomous Nanomachines

Marić

Mayorga‐Martinez

Khezri

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

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Self-propelled, autonomous micro and nanomachines are at the forefront of current nanotechnology. These micro and nanodevices move actively to perform desired tasks, usually using chemical energy from their surrounding environment. Typically, these structures are fabricated via clean room or template-based electrodeposition methodologies, which yield relatively low numbers of these devices. To utilize these machines in industrial-scale operations, one would need an inexpensive fabrication route for mass production of nanomachines. The use of naturally occurring nanotubes, Halloysite nanoclay, to fabricate functional nanomotors in great quantities is demonstrated. These nanotubes can be mined in ton quantities and used as base for the fabrication of nanomachines. In addition, it is well known that the surface groups of Halloysite nanoclay bind strongly with heavy metals, which makes it potentially useful in environmental remediation. Figure 3. Influence of exposure time on the adsorption of heavy metals. A,B) Removal efficiency of Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ by "on-the-fly" Pt-Halloysite nanoclay nanomotors. Experimental conditions: heavy metal concentration 10 ppm, 0.5 mg mL −1 of Halloysite nanoclay, 4% H 2 O 2 , 1% SDS, 23 °C. www.afm-journal.de www.advancedsciencenews.com 1802762 (5 of 5)

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“…Such capabilities have been exploited in a myriad of environmental,10 biomedical,11 energy,12 and analytical applications 13. Value-added product mediated synthesis (vanillyl alcohol) using sodium borohydride propelled graphene based micromotors has also been described 14. Wang's group reported the use of micromotors for fabrication of micro- and nano-structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%