2013
DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0271
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Autophagy and thyroid carcinogenesis: genetic and epigenetic links

Abstract: Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer of the endocrine system and is responsible for the majority of deaths from endocrine malignancies. Although a large proportion of thyroid cancers belong to well differentiated histologic subtypes, which in general show a good prognosis after surgery and radioiodine ablation, the treatment of radio-resistant papillarytype, of undifferentiated anaplastic, and of medullary-type thyroid cancers remains unsatisfactory. Autophagy is a vesicular process for the lysosomal degra… Show more

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Cited by 29 publications
(29 citation statements)
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References 156 publications
(165 reference statements)
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“…Although the multiple roles of autophagy in cancer require further clarification, autophagy is directly involved in numerous important physiological processes, including metabolism, response to stress and cell death pathways in cancer cells (38). Both tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes are implicated in autophagy regulation (39). Accordingly, the role of autophagy in cancer raises a number of questions.…”
Section: E C D B Amentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although the multiple roles of autophagy in cancer require further clarification, autophagy is directly involved in numerous important physiological processes, including metabolism, response to stress and cell death pathways in cancer cells (38). Both tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes are implicated in autophagy regulation (39). Accordingly, the role of autophagy in cancer raises a number of questions.…”
Section: E C D B Amentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nutrients (essentially aminoacids and glucose) shortage, as well as the lack of growth factors, are strong stimuli for rising up basal autophagy to the level needed to overcome the metabolic stress[16]. The altered expression of PTEN and p53 is likely to affect the regulation of autophagy in thyroid cancers[17]. …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition to effects on survival and proliferation, autophagy is also involved in cellular differentiation (Mizushima & Levine 2010, Helgason et al 2013. In TC specifically, autophagy has been shown to intertwine with oncogenic signaling and in vitro activation of autophagy is demonstrated to increase sensitivity of TC to treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, TRAIL and mTOR kinase inhibitors (Lin et al 2010, Jin et al 2014, Morani et al 2014, Yi et al 2014, Plews et al 2015 and to promote resistance to BRAF inhibitors (Wang et al 2017). Furthermore, germline-genetic variants in autophagy genes, specifically ATG5 (rs2245214) and ATG16L1 p.Thr300Ala (rs2241880), known to functionally impair the autophagy machinery, are associated with genetic susceptibility to TC development and/or resistance to RAI treatment (Huijbers et al 2012, Plantinga et al 2014b.…”
Section: Autophagymentioning
confidence: 99%