Autopsy Findings in Three Family Members With a Presumably Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome of Unknown Etiology

Lindboe, Christian Fredrik; Frøland, Stig S.; Wefring, Karl W.; Linnestad, P.; Bøhmer, Thomas; Foerster, A.; Löken, Aa. Christie

doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1986.tb02973.x

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…However, further studies using replication-competent full-length molecular clones of HIV-1 Group O, N and P strains are required to exclude the possibility that they may counteract the tetherin restriction through an as yet unknown mechanism. It is evident that HIV-1 Groups O and N can cause AIDS [45,46], whereas the pathogenic potential of Group P remains to be determined. Furthermore, it remains elusive whether the viral loads, rates of CD4 T cell decline and clinical progression, or the efficiency of virion shedding into genital fluids, differ between individuals infected with pandemic HIV-1 Group M and non-pandemic Group O or rare Group N and P strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 Group P is unable to antagonize human tetherin by Vpu, Env or Nef

et al. 2011

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BackgroundA new subgroup of HIV-1, designated Group P, was recently detected in two unrelated patients of Cameroonian origin. HIV-1 Group P phylogenetically clusters with SIVgor suggesting that it is the result of a cross-species transmission from gorillas. Until today, HIV-1 Group P has only been detected in two patients, and its degree of adaptation to the human host is largely unknown. Previous data have shown that pandemic HIV-1 Group M, but not non-pandemic Group O or rare Group N viruses, efficiently antagonize the human orthologue of the restriction factor tetherin (BST-2, HM1.24, CD317) suggesting that primate lentiviruses may have to gain anti-tetherin activity for efficient spread in the human population. Thus far, three SIV/HIV gene products (vpu, nef and env) are known to have the potential to counteract primate tetherin proteins, often in a species-specific manner. Here, we examined how long Group P may have been circulating in humans and determined its capability to antagonize human tetherin as an indicator of adaptation to humans.ResultsOur data suggest that HIV-1 Group P entered the human population between 1845 and 1989. Vpu, Env and Nef proteins from both Group P viruses failed to counteract human or gorilla tetherin to promote efficient release of HIV-1 virions, although both Group P Nef proteins moderately downmodulated gorilla tetherin from the cell surface. Notably, Vpu, Env and Nef alleles from the two HIV-1 P strains were all able to reduce CD4 cell surface expression.ConclusionsOur analyses of the two reported HIV-1 Group P viruses suggest that zoonosis occurred in the last 170 years and further support that pandemic HIV-1 Group M strains are better adapted to humans than non-pandemic or rare Group O, N and P viruses. The inability to antagonize human tetherin may potentially explain the limited spread of HIV-1 Group P in the human population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 Group P is unable to antagonize human tetherin by Vpu, Env or Nef

et al. 2011

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HIV Infection in 1968-Reply

Garry¹

1989

JAMA

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We disclosed 19 such cases, one ofwhich was the patient described by Garry et al and previously reported by Elvin-Lewis et al3 and Witte et al.4We hope that the retrospective documentation of AIDS virus infection in this patient, as well as a recent finding of positive serological tests for human immunodeficiency virus in another case of "probable AIDS in the pre-AIDS era,"6,6 may encourage other physicians who treated patients included in our re¬ views2,6 to search for serological evi¬ dence ofhuman immunodeficiency virus infection in stored specimens from these patients.

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Multinucleated giant cells in AIDS encephalopathy: an immunohistochemical study

Botticelli¹,

Criscuolo²,

Gregório³

1989

Ital J Neuro Sci

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We report the neuropathological findings of 5 post-mortem cases of AIDS. The most common causes of the death were multiple opportunistic infections associated with cutaneous and/or visceral Kaposi sarcoma in two cases. Cerebral edema, demyelination and spongiosis of the white matter were present but the most remarkable finding was the presence of multinucleated giant cell (MGC) within and nearby microglial nodules. On immunohistochemical investigation MGC and microglial cells exhibit positive stain only for RCA I and Ferritin, while immunohistochemical markers for astrocytes, neurons, macrophages, histiocytes, lymphocytes and endothelial cells were negative. No microrganism, nor viral inclusions were detected. These results support the hypothesis that MGC may be derived from microglial cells.

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Autopsy Findings in Three Family Members With a Presumably Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome of Unknown Etiology

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

HIV-1 Group P is unable to antagonize human tetherin by Vpu, Env or Nef

HIV-1 Group P is unable to antagonize human tetherin by Vpu, Env or Nef

HIV Infection in 1968-Reply

Multinucleated giant cells in AIDS encephalopathy: an immunohistochemical study

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