Ava (A Social Robot): Design and Performance of a Robotic Hearing Apparatus

Saffari, Ehsan; Meghdari, Ali; Vazirnezhad, Bahram; Alemi, Minoo

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25554-5_44

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the currently ongoing research on the integration of computers and robotics with biological corpse it is found that a cognizant human brain (and its physical body) apparently has human-rights; hence, replacing parts of the brain with artificial ones, while not harming its function, preserves those rights Warwick & Shah, 2014). Also, consider a handicapped person featuring an electronic robot arm that commits a crime (Saffari, Meghdari, Vazirnezhad & Alemi, 2015). It becomes obvious that half-robot-human beings should be considered as human and robots as quasi-human beings.…”

Section: Graph 13: Oceania Ai-gdp Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revising Growth Theory in the Artificial Age: Putty and Clay Labor

Puaschunder

2020

ABR

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The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in our contemporary society imposes historically unique challenges for humankind. The emerging autonomy of AI holds unique potentials of eternal life of robots, AI and algorithms alongside unprecedented economic superiority, data storage and computational advantages. Yet to this day, it remains unclear what impact AI taking over the workforce will have on economic growth. This paper therefore first establishes what AI is and provides a theoretical background on standard neoclassical and heterodox economics growth theories with particular attention to the Cambridge Capital Controversy’s argument to divide capital components into fluid, hence more flexible (e.g., petty cash, checking account), and more clay, hence more inflexible (e.g., factories and intransferable means of production), components. The contemporary trend of slowbalisation is described, as the slowing down of conventional globalization of goods, services and Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) flows; yet at the same time, we still see human migration and air travel as well as data transfer continuing to rise. These market trends of conventional globalization slowing and rising AI-related industries are proposed as first market disruption in the wake of the large-scale entrance of AI into our contemporary economy. Growth in the artificial age is then proposed to be measured based on two AI entrance proxies of Global Connectivity Index and The State of the Mobile Internet Connectivity 2018 Index, which is found to be highly significantly positively correlated with the total inflow of migrants and FDI inflow – serving as evidence that the still globalizing rising industries in the age of slowbalisation are connected to AI. Both indices are positively correlated with GDP output in cross-sectional studies over the world. In order to clarify if the found effect is a sign of industrialization, time series of worldwide data reveal that internet connectivity around the world is associated with lower economic growth from around 2000 on until 2017. A regression plotting Internet Connectivity and GDP per capita as independent variables to explain the dependent variable GDP growth outlines that the effect for AI is a significant determinant of negative GDP growth prospects for the years from 2000 until 2017. A panel regression plotting GDP per capita and internet connectivity from the year 2000 to explain economic growth consolidates the finding that AI-internet connectivity is a significant determinant of negative growth over time for 161 countries of the world. Internet connectivity is associated with economic growth decline whereas GDP per capita has no significant relation with GDP growth. To cross-validate both findings hold for two different global connectivity measurements. The paper then discusses a theoretical argument of dividing labor components into fluid, hence more flexible (e.g., AI), and more clay, hence more inflexible (e.g., human labor), components. The paper ends on a call for revising growth theories and integrating AI components into growth theory. AI entrance into economic markets is modeled into the standard neoclassical growth theory by creating a novel index for representing growth in the artificial age comprised of GDP per capita and AI entrance measured by the proxy of Internet Access percent per country. Maps reveal the parts of the world that feature high GDP per capita and AI-connectivity. The discussion closes with a future outlook on the law and economics of AI entrance into our contemporary economies and society in order to aid a successful and humane introduction of AI into our world.

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Section: Graph 13: Oceania Ai-gdp Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revising Growth Theory in the Artificial Age: Putty and Clay Labor

Puaschunder

2020

ABR

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“…One of the most commonly used methods is the generalized cross-correlation (GCC) algorithm. 20 Using the phase transform (PhaT) function for the cross power spectral (CPS) estimation of two signals, G(f), the GCC function is obtained as follows 21 G…”

Section: Sslmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arash: A social robot buddy to support children with cancer in a hospital environment

Meghdari

Shariati

Alemi

et al. 2018

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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This article presents the thorough design procedure, specifications, and performance of a mobile social robot friend Arash for educational and therapeutic involvement of children with cancer based on their interests and needs. Our research focuses on employing Arash in a pediatric hospital environment to entertain, assist, and educate children with cancer who suffer from physical pain caused by both the disease and its treatment process. Since cancer treatment causes emotional distress, which can reduce the efficiency of medications, using social robots to interact with children with cancer in a hospital environment could decrease this distress, thereby improving the effectiveness of their treatment. Arash is a 15 degree-of-freedom low-cost humanoid mobile robot buddy, carefully designed with appropriate measures and developed to interact with children ages 5-12 years old. The robot has five physical subsystems: the head, arms, torso, waist, and mobile-platform. The robot's final appearance is a significant novel concept; since it was selected based on a survey taken from 50 children with chronic diseases at three pediatric hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Founded on these measures and desires, Arash was designed, built, improved, and enhanced to operate successfully in pediatric cancer hospitals. Two experiments were devised to evaluate the children's level of acceptance and involvement with the robot, assess their feelings about it, and measure how much the robot was similar to the favored conceptual sketch. Both experiments were conducted in the form of storytelling and appearance/performance evaluations. The obtained results confirm high engagement and interest of pediatric cancer patients with the constructed robot.

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“…In addition to robot-assisted autism therapy, the Social & Cognitive Robotics Laboratory has been involved in other applications of humanoid social robots to improve pediatric education, anxiety, and distress in children su ering from various forms of disabilities [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69].…”

Section: Interview With the Parentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Interventions of Social Humanoid Robots in the Treatment of a Set of High- and Low-Functioning Autistic Iranian Twins

et al. 2017

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In this paper, the robot-assisted interventions for a pair of fraternal twins with autism, of whom one was high-functioning and the other low-functioning, are presented. Since many genetic and environmental factors were the same for both participants, the e ects of individual and group robotic games on these two children with high-and lowfunctioning autism were compared. The results indicated improvement in joint attention skills for both subjects. It was further observed that robot group games had the potential to improve social skills in the subject with high-functioning autism and to lower the amount of stereotyped and detrimental behaviors in the participant with low-functioning autism. The communication of both participants with each other improved, and their mother claimed she observed her children playing a meaningful game together at home for the rst time since their birth.

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Ava (A Social Robot): Design and Performance of a Robotic Hearing Apparatus

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Revising Growth Theory in the Artificial Age: Putty and Clay Labor

Revising Growth Theory in the Artificial Age: Putty and Clay Labor

Arash: A social robot buddy to support children with cancer in a hospital environment

Clinical Interventions of Social Humanoid Robots in the Treatment of a Set of High- and Low-Functioning Autistic Iranian Twins

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