Availability of specific sugars for glycoconjugate biosynthesis: A need for further investigations in man

Effects of hyperglycemia on quantitative liver functions by the galactose load test in diabetic rats

“…Confronting our results with those published in the literature [21,22,[24][25][26][27], we believe that hyperglycemia and/or diabetes may increase galactose disposal. One possible explanation for the lowering effect that glucose has on serum galactose levels is that glucose can accelerate the metabolism of galactose and thereby increase the removal of galactose from the blood.…”

“…One possible explanation for the lowering effect that glucose has on serum galactose levels is that glucose can accelerate the metabolism of galactose and thereby increase the removal of galactose from the blood. Another possible explanation is that hyperglycemia may increase galactose incorporation into glycogen or glycoproteins [27], thereby increasing blood galactose clearance. Finally, one cannot rule out the possibility that in diabetic rats, hyperglycemia was associated with an increased amount of galactose excreted in urine after intravenous injection of galactose.…”

Syringic acid may attenuate the oral mucosal carcinogenesis via improving cell surface glycoconjugation and modifying cytokeratin expression

“…Glycoproteins (GPs), a family of complex proteins in mammals, are the vital components on the cell surface and their glycan moieties exhibit diverse functions, from non-specific roles in protein structure and stability to specific ones in signal recognition [ 26 ]. Cell surface GPs play a key role in the neoplastic process and serve as an effective indicator of cancer progression.…”

Interpretation of type 2 diabetes mellitus relevant GC-MS metabolomics fingerprints by using random forests

“…Excess non-metabolized galactose is excreted in the urine, probably due to the metabolic dysfunction which caused by the hyperglycaemia. 41 Lactic acid is the end product of the enzyme glyoxalase II which converts the intermediate substrate S-lactoyl-glutathione to reduced glutathione and D-lactate. Lactic acid levels can become higher when the liver is severely damaged or diseased.…”