Avenanthramide supplementation attenuates exercise-induced inflammation in postmenopausal women

Abstract

During aging, chronic systemic inflammation increases in prevalence and antioxidant balance shifts in favor of oxidant generation. Avenanthramide (AVA) is a group of oat phenolics that have shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capability. The present study investigated whether dietary supplementation of avenanthramides (AVA) in oats would increase antioxidant protection and reduce inflammation after a bout of downhill walking (DW) in postmenopausal women. Women at age of 50–80 years (N = 16) were randomly divided into two groups in a double-blinded fashion, receiving two cookies made of oat flour providing 9.2 mg AVA or 0.4 mg AVA (control, C) each day for 8 weeks. Before and after the dietary regimen, each group of subjects walked downhill on a treadmill (−9% grade) for 4 bouts of 15 minutes at a speed of 4.0 km/h with 5 minutes rest between sessions. Blood samples were collected at rest, 24 h post-DW, and 48 h post-DW pre- and post-supplementation. Both DW sessions increased plasma creatine kinase activity (P < 0.05). Before supplementation, in vitro neutrophil respiratory burst (NRB) activity was increased at 24 h post-DW (P < 0.05) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was increased 48 h post-DW (P < 0.05). AVA supplementation decreased DW-induced NRB at 24 h (P < 0.05) and CRP level 48 h (P < 0.05). Plasma interleukin (IL)-1β concentration and mononuclear cell nuclear factor (NF) κB binding were suppressed at rest and during post-DW period in AVA but not C group (P < 0.05). Plasma total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity were increased in AVA vs. C (P < 0.05), whereas glutathione redox status was elevated 48 h post-DW but not affected by AVA. Thus, chronic AVA supplementation decreased systemic and DW-induced inflammation and increased blood-borne antioxidant defense in postmenopausal women.

Avenanthramide supplementation attenuates eccentric exercise-inflicted blood inflammatory markers in women

“…AVA concentrations in the oat cookie were measured using HPLC equipped with a Supelco C-18 column and a UV-VIS detector set at 330 nm absorption wavelength according to Chen et al (2004) with some modifications (Koenig et al 2014).…”

Phenolic amides (avenanthramides) in oats - a review

“…However the dietary fiber content and nutritional value of oats are high. Oats contain many essential amino acids (methionine, cysteine, threonine, isoleucine, tryptophan, valine, leucine, histidine, methionine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine) necessary for human body (Biel 2009), and high antioxidant activity components such as tocopherols, tocotrienols, and flavanoids (Peterson 2001;Liu et al 2011;Koenig et al 2014).…”

Whole grain oats, more than just a fiber: Role of unique phytochemicals

“…In a more recent study, subjects ate two cookies made from oat flour daily for 8 weeks. Those who consumed cookies containing 9.2 mg AVAs showed significantly higher total plasma antioxidant capacity and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity compared to subjects in the control group, whose consumption of AVAs was 23‐fold lower .…”