Avian dark cells

Hara, Junichi; Plymale, Douglas R.; Shepard, D L; Hara, Hiroto; Garry, Robert F.; Yoshihara, Toshio; Zenner, Hans‐Peter; Bolton, Michael J.; Kalkeri, R; Fermin, César D.

doi:10.1007/s004050100407

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…Of the 11 spinning cells we identified in the lagena and basilar papilla in our initial screen, 6 had a very distinct broccoli-shape morphology. TEM analysis revealed that these cells have a subcellular architecture consistent with dark cells, which are found in the extensively vascularized tegmentum vasculosum (31). Dark cells, which are believed to play a role in endolymph generation, have an electron-dense organelle-rich cytoplasm, which is expanded basally by extensive membrane infoldings (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

No evidence for intracellular magnetite in putative vertebrate magnetoreceptors identified by magnetic screening

Edelman

Fritz

Nimpf

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The cellular basis of the magnetic sense remains an unsolved scientific mystery. One theory that aims to explain how animals detect the magnetic field is the magnetite hypothesis. It argues that intracellular crystals of the iron oxide magnetite (Fe3O4) are coupled to mechanosensitive channels that elicit neuronal activity in specialized sensory cells. Attempts to find these primary sensors have largely relied on the Prussian Blue stain that labels cells rich in ferric iron. This method has proved problematic as it has led investigators to conflate iron-rich macrophages with magnetoreceptors. An alternative approach developed by Eder et al. [Eder SH, et al. (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(30):12022–12027] is to identify candidate magnetoreceptive cells based on their magnetic moment. Here, we explore the utility of this method by undertaking a screen for magnetic cells in the pigeon. We report the identification of a small number of cells (1 in 476,000) with large magnetic moments (8–106 fAm2) from various tissues. The development of single-cell correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) permitted subcellular analysis of magnetic cells. This revealed the presence of extracellular structures composed of iron, titanium, and chromium accounting for the magnetic properties of these cells. Application of single-cell CLEM to magnetic cells from the trout failed to identify any intracellular structures consistent with biogenically derived magnetite. Our work illustrates the need for new methods to test the magnetite hypothesis of magnetosensation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

No evidence for intracellular magnetite in putative vertebrate magnetoreceptors identified by magnetic screening

Edelman

Fritz

Nimpf

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…This localization has been attributed to the maintenance of the Na + –K + gradient across the cytosol and nucleus [ 156 ]. Ouabain-sensitive Na + , K + -ATPase localization in animal systems has revealed a general distribution of the enzyme as evident from a diffuse blue fluorescence in the cells [ 157 ]. Ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity in Halocnemum sp.…”

Section: Salt Stress-induced Modulation Of Ouabain-sensitive Atpamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Sodium Transport in Plants—Progresses and Challenges

Keisham

Bhatla

2018

IJMS

173

120

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Understanding the mechanisms of sodium (Na+) influx, effective compartmentalization, and efflux in higher plants is crucial to manipulate Na+ accumulation and assure the maintenance of low Na+ concentration in the cytosol and, hence, plant tolerance to salt stress. Na+ influx across the plasma membrane in the roots occur mainly via nonselective cation channels (NSCCs). Na+ is compartmentalized into vacuoles by Na+/H+ exchangers (NHXs). Na+ efflux from the plant roots is mediated by the activity of Na+/H+ antiporters catalyzed by the salt overly sensitive 1 (SOS1) protein. In animals, ouabain (OU)-sensitive Na+, K+-ATPase (a P-type ATPase) mediates sodium efflux. The evolution of P-type ATPases in higher plants does not exclude the possibility of sodium efflux mechanisms similar to the Na+, K+-ATPase-dependent mechanisms characteristic of animal cells. Using novel fluorescence imaging and spectrofluorometric methodologies, an OU-sensitive sodium efflux system has recently been reported to be physiologically active in roots. This review summarizes and analyzes the current knowledge on Na+ influx, compartmentalization, and efflux in higher plants in response to salt stress.

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“…This loss in the EP paralleled the damage and repair of the dark cells of the tegmentum vasculosum that are responsible for the secretion of potassium into the scala media [Hara et al, 2002;Ramakrishna et al, 2004]. In the adult chicken, there is little evidence of a transient EP loss just after exposure to intense sound [Trautwein et al, 1997].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss and Recovery of Sound-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in Young Chicks following Acoustic Trauma

Ipakchi¹,

Kyin²,

Saunders³

2005

Audiol Neurotol

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Young and adult chickens exhibit substantial inner-ear damage and post-exposure deterioration in cochlear nerve activity following exposure to intense sound. Both the structural and functional losses largely recover in both age groups within 2–4 weeks after exposure. However, some aspects of acoustic trauma differ between the young and adult chicken ear. Overstimulation in the young chick causes considerable post-exposure loss and then recovery of the steady-state endocochlear potential, while in the adult animal there is little post-exposure effect on this potential. Moreover, in adults there is post-exposure loss but little recovery in the distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). The present study explores the possibility of an age difference in the effects of overstimulation on the DPOAE by examining these emissions in young chicks following exposure to an intense pure tone. Chicks exposed to intense sound were formed into groups at 0 and 12 days of recovery, and these were complemented by two additional groups of age-matched controls. The cubic difference tone emission (the 2f₁–f₂ DPOAE component) was measured at 9 levels for 13 frequencies in all groups. Shortly after the exposure, the DPOAE reliably declined with the maximum loss at or above the exposure tone frequency. The exposed chicks examined 12 days after exposure showed complete recovery of the DPOAE. It would appear that 12 days of recovery sufficiently repaired inner ear damage to completely restore DPOAE production. This result is different from that in adult chicken and may be related to the greater severity of acoustic damage in the adult ear, a reduced susceptibility of the young ear to acoustic trauma, or the ability of the young animal to more successfully repair the inner ear.

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Avian dark cells

Cited by 6 publications

References 88 publications

No evidence for intracellular magnetite in putative vertebrate magnetoreceptors identified by magnetic screening

No evidence for intracellular magnetite in putative vertebrate magnetoreceptors identified by magnetic screening

Mechanisms of Sodium Transport in Plants—Progresses and Challenges

Loss and Recovery of Sound-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in Young Chicks following Acoustic Trauma

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