Avian diversity and function across the world's most populous cities

Richardson, James Elliot; Lees, Alexander Charles; Miller, Eliot T.; Marsden, Stuart J.

doi:10.1111/ele.14238

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Although much of the biodiversity found in urban areas is introduced, high urban species richness can also include native taxa (reviewed in [14,31,49]). Most attention is understandably devoted to native at-risk taxa, though those generally seem poorly served in urban settings [50,51].…”

Section: Protecting Local Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opportunities for Biodiversity Conservation via Urban Ecosystem Regeneration

Perry,

Cox

2024

Diversity

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Conservation traditionally focuses on at-risk species and relatively intact ecosystems. As the human population and our global impact have risen, many more species and ecosystems are at risk and fewer intact ecosystems remain, with urbanization being a major contributing factor. Cities and their inhabitants are here to stay, and the prevalence of urbanization, often in the vicinity of areas of high conservation value, requires reconsideration of the conservation value of urban ecosystems and urban green spaces. Our aim is to explore the practical aspects of such actions. Urban ecosystem regeneration will require the incorporation of strategies for urban ecosystem regeneration into an overall conservation policy. The novel paradigm of urban ecosystem regeneration, advocated here, maximizes the capacity of urban spaces to support biodiversity while reducing undesirable outcomes and enhancing human wellbeing. The potential for cities to exacerbate biological invasion, climate change, and other ecosystem-degrading factors requires particular attention in devising a strategy for conservation in urban spaces, made essential by the predicted further spread of cities across the globe.

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Section: Protecting Local Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although they may primarily rely on the species already found in the urban setting [41], some of which are non-native or even invasive, such efforts can provide conservation value. For example, existence of urban forest and wetlands habitats supports diverse avian faunas [49].…”

Section: Developing New Approaches For Conservation and Restoration I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities for Biodiversity Conservation via Urban Ecosystem Regeneration

Perry,

Cox

2024

Diversity

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“…Urban growth is one of the most intense and severe environmental alterations of the Anthropocene that imposes challenges from individual species to eco-evolutionary processes [1]. As a result, biodiversity richness is reduced and species composition is altered within cities compared to non-urbanized landscapes [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Patterns in the Dawn and Dusk Choruses of a Neotropical Songbird in Relation to an Urban Sound Environment

Bustamante,

Garitano-Zavala

2024

Animals

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Urbanization is one of the more important phenomena affecting biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Some organisms can cope with urban challenges, and changes in birds’ acoustic communication have been widely studied. Although changes in the timing of the daily organization of acoustic communication have been previously reported, there is a significant gap regarding possible variations in song structure between dawn and dusk choruses. Considering that urbanization imposes different soundscapes for dawn and dusk choruses, we postulate two hypotheses: (i) there are variations in song parameters between dawn and dusk choruses, and (ii) such parameters within the city will vary in response to urban noise. We studied urban and extra-urban populations of Chiguanco Thrush in La Paz, Bolivia, measuring in dawn and dusk choruses: song length; song sound pressure level; minimum, maximum, range and dominant frequency; and the number of songs per individual. The results support our two hypotheses: there were more songs, and songs were louder and had larger band widths at dawn than at dusk in urban and extra-urban populations. Urban Chiguanco Thrushes sing less, the frequency of the entire song rises, and the amplitude increases as compared with extra-urban Chiguanco Thrushes. Understanding variations between dawn and dusk choruses could allow for a better interpretation of how some bird species cope with urban challenges.

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“…The presence of fixed geographical locations that are visited repeatedly and often intensively reduces the opportunistic nature of the data, which can increase the scientific value of the data by reducing sampling biases and increasing data consistency. For example, bird observations compiled at hotspots have been used to document upslope range shifts of montane birds (Girish & Srinivasan, 2022), monitor bird population trends (Neate-Clegg et al, 2020;Walker & Taylor, 2017), estimate bird species' geographical extent of occurrence and area of occupancy (Palacio et al, 2021), and explore urban bird diversity and function (Richardson et al, 2023). These studies demonstrate that the presence of fixed sampling locations can be used to improve inferential quality by enhancing data accuracy and reliability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data coverage, biases, and trends in a global citizen‐science resource for monitoring avian diversity

La Sorte,

Cohen,

Jetz

2024

Diversity and Distributions

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AimUnderstanding and addressing the global biodiversity crisis requires ecological information compiled continuously from across the globe. Data from citizen science initiatives are useful for quantifying species' ecological niches and geographical distributions but can be difficult to apply towards biodiversity monitoring. The presence of fixed geographical locations reduces the opportunistic nature of citizen science data, allowing for more reliable and nuanced trend estimation. The eBird citizen‐science program contains predefined locations whose bird assemblages are sampled across years (‘hotspots’). For hotspots to function as a biodiversity monitoring resource, issues related to data coverage, biases, and trends need to be addressed.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe estimated the survey completeness of species richness at 300,500 eBird hotspots during 2002–2022. We documented sampling biases at eBird hotspot and non‐hotspot locations during 2022 based on protection status, temperature, precipitation, and landcover.ResultsA total of 10,410 bird species (ca. 96.9% of total) were recorded at hotspots. The number of hotspots, checklists, and participants and the quality of species richness estimates increased worldwide with the Nearctic containing the strongest and most consistent trends. Compared to non‐hotspots, hotspots oversampled areas with higher protection status. Hotspots and non‐hotspots oversampled warmer and wetter locations in the Antarctic, Nearctic, and Palearctic, and cooler locations in the Afrotropics, Australasia, and the Neotropics. Hotspots and especially non‐hotspots oversampled urban areas. Hotspots and non‐hotspots undersampled shrublands in Australasia. Hotspots and especially non‐hotspots undersampled forests in the Afrotropics, Indomalaya, Neotropics, and Oceania.Main ConclusionsHotspots have captured a large component of the world's avian diversity but have done so inconsistently across space and time. Data quantity and quality are increasing in many regions, but the presence of regionally specific sampling biases and spatial uncertainty in hotspot locations should be addressed when applying the data.

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Avian diversity and function across the world's most populous cities

Cited by 11 publications

References 81 publications

Opportunities for Biodiversity Conservation via Urban Ecosystem Regeneration

Opportunities for Biodiversity Conservation via Urban Ecosystem Regeneration

Natural Patterns in the Dawn and Dusk Choruses of a Neotropical Songbird in Relation to an Urban Sound Environment

Data coverage, biases, and trends in a global citizen‐science resource for monitoring avian diversity

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