Avian Expression Patterns and Genomic Mapping Implicate Leptin in Digestion and TNF in Immunity, Suggesting That Their Interacting Adipokine Role Has Been Acquired Only in Mammals

Seroussi, Eyal; Knytl, Martin; Pitel, Frédérique; Elleder, Daniel; Krylov, Vladimír; Leroux, Sophie; Morisson, Mireille; Yosefi, Sara; Miyara, Shoval; Saibaba, Ganesan; Ruzal, M.; Andersson, Leif C.; Friedman-Einat, Miriam

doi:10.3390/ijms20184489

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In mammals, leptin is a hormone secreted by adipocytes and acts on the hypothalamus to suppress eating and obesity ( Halaas et al, 1995 ). Recently, the leptin gene has been identified in some bird and these findings suggest that avian leptin may have a different physiological function from that of lipid metabolism in mammals ( Seroussi et al, 2017 , 2019 ; Beauclair et al, 2019 ; Friedman-Einat and Seroussi, 2019 ). The present study showed that NPGM is a new player in regulating fat deposition in avian species, chicken.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Hypothalamic Factor, Neurosecretory Protein GM, Causes Fat Deposition in Chicks

et al. 2021

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We recently discovered a novel cDNA encoding the precursor of a small secretory protein, neurosecretory protein GM (NPGM), in the mediobasal hypothalamus of chickens. Although our previous study showed that subcutaneous infusion of NPGM for 6 days increased body mass in chicks, the chronic effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of NPGM remains unknown. In this study, we performed i.c.v. administration of NPGM in eight-day-old layer chicks using osmotic pumps for 2 weeks. In the results, chronic i.c.v. infusion of NPGM significantly increased body mass, water intake, and the mass of abdominal and gizzard fat in chicks, whereas NPGM did not affect food intake, liver and muscle masses, or blood glucose concentration. Morphological analyses using Oil Red O and hematoxylin-eosin stainings revealed that fat accumulation occurred in both the liver and gizzard fat after NPGM infusion. The real-time PCR analysis showed that NPGM decreased the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, a lipolytic factor in the liver. These results indicate that NPGM may participate in fat storage in chicks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Hypothalamic Factor, Neurosecretory Protein GM, Causes Fat Deposition in Chicks

et al. 2021

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“…Cytogenetic mapping and localization of single-copy gene regions in the genome generally reveal both intra- and interchromosomal rearrangements (i.e., inversions, insertions, deletions or duplications) determined using karyograms [ 9 ]. Moreover, gene loci, which have not yet been mapped within a genome, can be assigned to a specific chromosome within a standardized karyogram [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Chromosomal Arms and FISH Reveal Complex Genome Architecture and Standardized Karyotype of Model Fish, Genus Carassius

Knytl

Fornaini

2021

Cells

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The widely distributed ray-finned fish genus Carassius is very well known due to its unique biological characteristics such as polyploidy, clonality, and/or interspecies hybridization. These biological characteristics have enabled Carassius species to be successfully widespread over relatively short period of evolutionary time. Therefore, this fish model deserves to be the center of attention in the research field. Some studies have already described the Carassius karyotype, but results are inconsistent in the number of morphological categories for individual chromosomes. We investigated three focal species: Carassius auratus, C. carassius and C. gibelio with the aim to describe their standardized diploid karyotypes, and to study their evolutionary relationships using cytogenetic tools. We measured length (q+plength) of each chromosome and calculated centromeric index (i value). We found: (i) The relationship between q+plength and i value showed higher similarity of C. auratus and C. carassius. (ii) The variability of i value within each chromosome expressed by means of the first quartile (Q1) up to the third quartile (Q3) showed higher similarity of C. carassius and C. gibelio. (iii) The fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed higher similarity of C. auratus and C. gibelio. (iv) Standardized karyotype formula described using median value (Q2) showed differentiation among all investigated species: C. auratus had 24 metacentric (m), 40 submetacentric (sm), 2 subtelocentric (st), 2 acrocentric (a) and 32 telocentric (T) chromosomes (24m+40sm+2st+2a+32T) ; C. carassius: 16m+34sm+8st+42T; and C. gibelio: 16m+22sm+10st+2a+50T. (v) We developed R scripts applicable for the description of standardized karyotype for any other species. The diverse results indicated unprecedented complex genomic and chromosomal architecture in the genus Carassius probably influenced by its unique biological characteristics which make the study of evolutionary relationships more difficult than it has been originally postulated.

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“…Only a few disease trials have been conducted to see the response of MHC- Y polymorphisms on Marek’s disease and have reported varied results with no strong impacts but possible influences [ 11 ]. A recent study by Seroussi et al [ 14 ] reported a crucial role of MHC genes in immunity, particularly the avian tumour-necrosis factor (TNF) gene mapped to the MHC- Y region in chicken. Selecting birds with genotypes that are functionally associated with sound immune responses has the potential to control the occurrence of disease in chicken production systems, thus improving correlated production traits [ 9 , 11 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Levels of Genetic Variation in MHC-Linked Microsatellite Markers from Native Chicken Breeds

Manjula

Kim²,

Cho³

et al. 2021

Genes

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The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a highly polymorphic gene region that regulates cellular communication in all specific immune responses. In this study, we investigated 11 microsatellite (MS) markers in the MHC-B region of chicken populations from four countries: Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, South Korea, and Nigeria. The MS markers were divided into two sets. Set 1 included five novel MS markers, which we assessed using 192 samples from 21 populations. Set 2 included six previously reported markers, which we assessed using 881 samples from 29 populations. The Set 1 MS markers had lower polymorphism (polymorphic information content (PIC) < 0.5) than the Set 2 markers (PIC = 0.4–0.9). In all populations, the LEI0258 marker was the most polymorphic, with a total of 38 alleles (PIC = 0.912, expected heterozygosity (He) = 0.918). Local populations from Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nigeria had higher allele diversity and more haplotypes for Set 2 MS markers than Korean and commercial populations. The Sri Lankan Karuwalagaswewa village population had the highest MHC diversity (mean allele number = 8.17, He = 0.657), whereas the white leghorn population had the lowest (mean allele number = 2.33, He = 0.342). A total of 409 haplotypes (89 shared and 320 unique), with a range of 4 (Rhode Island red) to 46 (Karuwalagaswewa village (TA)), were identified. Among the shared haplotypes, the B21-like haplotype was identified in 15 populations. The genetic relationship observed in a neighbour-joining tree based on the DA distance agreed with the breeding histories and geographic separations. The results indicated high MHC diversity in the local chicken populations. The difference in the allelic pattern among populations presumably reflects the effects of different genotypes, environments, geographic variation, and breeding policies in each country. The selection of MHC allele in domestic poultry can vary due to intensification of poultry production. Preserved MHC diversity in local chicken provides a great opportunity for future studies that address the relationships between MHC polymorphisms and differential immune responses.

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Avian Expression Patterns and Genomic Mapping Implicate Leptin in Digestion and TNF in Immunity, Suggesting That Their Interacting Adipokine Role Has Been Acquired Only in Mammals

Cited by 35 publications

References 70 publications

A Novel Hypothalamic Factor, Neurosecretory Protein GM, Causes Fat Deposition in Chicks

A Novel Hypothalamic Factor, Neurosecretory Protein GM, Causes Fat Deposition in Chicks

Measurement of Chromosomal Arms and FISH Reveal Complex Genome Architecture and Standardized Karyotype of Model Fish, Genus Carassius

High Levels of Genetic Variation in MHC-Linked Microsatellite Markers from Native Chicken Breeds

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