Avoiding head of line blocking in directional antenna [MAC protocol]

Kolar, Vinay; Tilak, Sameer; Abu-Ghazaleh, Nael

doi:10.1109/lcn.2004.30

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is a DRTS/DCTS-based two-channel two-omni-directional-Turn-On/Off-Tone non-circular DMAC protocol. The throughput of BT-DMAC is better than those of IEEE 802.11 DCF MAC protocol and basic DMAC protocol in reference [20].…”

Section: Contention-based Multi-channel Dmac Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Other variants of DRTS/DCTS-based single-channel non-circular DMAC protocols can be found in [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Reference [19] proposes a basic DMAC protocol and a multi-hop RTS MAC protocol.…”

Section: Drts/dcts-based Single-channel Non-circular Dmac Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic DMAC is often used as a comparison for other DMAC protocols. Reference [20] proposes a DMAC protocol that avoids HoL blocking in mobile ad hoc networks, while reference [21] proposes a receiver-initiated DMAC protocol for handling deafness in ad hoc networks. On the other hand, reference [22] proposes an opportunistic DMAC protocol for multi-hop wireless networks with switched beam directional antennas, while reference [23] proposes a distributed asynchronous directional-to-directional MAC protocol for WAHNs.…”

Section: Drts/dcts-based Single-channel Non-circular Dmac Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Directional Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: A Survey

Wong

Chen

Chin

2015

JSAN

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This survey paper presents the state-of-the-art directional medium access control (MAC) protocols in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks (WAHSNs). The key benefits of directional antennas over omni-directional antennas are longer communication range, less multipath interference, more spatial reuse, more secure communications, higher throughput and reduced latency. However, directional antennas lead to single-/multi-channel directional hidden/exposed terminals, deafness and neighborhood, head-of-line blocking, and MAC-layer capture which need to be overcome. Addressing these problems and benefits for directional antennas to MAC protocols leads to many classes of directional MAC protocols in WAHSNs. These classes of directional MAC protocols presented in this survey paper include single-channel, multi-channel, cooperative and cognitive directional MACs. Single-channel directional MAC protocols can be classified as contention-based or non-contention-based or hybrid-based, while multi-channel directional MAC protocols commonly use a common control channel for control packets/tones and one or more data channels for directional data transmissions. Cooperative directional MAC protocols improve throughput in WAHSNs via directional multi-rate/single-relay/multiple-relay/two frequency channels/polarization, while cognitive directional MAC protocols leverage on conventional directional MAC protocols with new twists to address dynamic spectrum access. All of these directional MAC protocols are the pillars for the design of future directional MAC protocols in WAHSNs.

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Section: Contention-based Multi-channel Dmac Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Drts/dcts-based Single-channel Non-circular Dmac Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drts/dcts-based Single-channel Non-circular Dmac Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Directional Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: A Survey

Wong

Chen

Chin

2015

JSAN

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“…These proposed schemes require the use of RTS/CTS frames or new additional frames. The angleof-arrival (AOA) mechanism presented in [9] and [21] is used to detect the direction of the receiving data and, consequently, the relative direction of any ongoing transmission.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) Our mechanisms allow a station, once it detects a busy carrier, to decide whether it needs to block, and hence, the station neither solely depends on DNAV for the decision nor force the station to block until the end of the frame reception as in the AOA mechanism [9], [13], [17], [21]. 3) We introduce new metrics in the OP P HOL mechanism to guarantee network fairness.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Enhancements for IEEE 802.11 Networks Using Directional Antenna With Opportunistic Mechanisms

Nadeem

2010

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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Abstract-Directional antennas are introduced to improve the performance of IEEE 802.11-based wireless networks by allowing stations equipped with directional antennas to beam the data in a specific direction. Since IEEE 802.11 has been developed with omni antennas in mind, deploying IEEE 802.11 in a directional antenna environment leads stations to be conservative in blocking their own transmissions in favor of the ongoing transmissions. This conservative behavior conflicts with the main directional antennas' objective of increasing the spatial reuse channel by supporting simultaneous transmissions. In this paper, we analytically show that an IEEE 802.11 station with directional antenna is conservative in terms of assessing channel availability, with as much as 60% of unnecessary blocking assessments. This percentage increases up to 90% in case we allow the station to alter the way it accesses its media access control (MAC) data queue. Motivated with this analysis, we design and evaluate two enhancement schemes for IEEE 802.11 networks when using directional antennas. The first enhancement is to augment the IEEE 802.11 protocol with additional information (location of the stations) that gives a station the flexibility to transmit data while there are ongoing transmissions in its vicinity. The second enhancement, using the augmented protocol, alters the way the IEEE 802.11 accesses its data queue. Simulation shows improvement in network throughput of up to 40% in the case of applying the first enhancement and up to 60% in the case of applying the second enhancement.Index Terms-Capture effect, carrier sense, directional antenna, IEEE 802.11, network protocol, spatial reuse, wireless communication.

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An overview of using directional antennas in wireless networks

Dai

et al. 2011

Int J Communication

122

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Compared with omni-directional antennas, directional antennas have many merits, such as lower interference, better spatial reuse, longer transmission range, and improved network capacity. Directional antennas enable numerous emerging outdoor and indoor applications, which have been addressed in many recent studies. Despite the advances in wireless networks with directional antennas (DAWNs), there are many research challenges in all layers of DAWNs. This paper presents a detailed study on recent advances and open research issues on DAWNs. Firstly, we briefly introduce the classification of directional antennas, antenna radiation patterns, antenna modes, and the challenges in the physical layer of DAWNs. We then present research issues on the medium access control (MAC) layer, followed by the current solutions as well as open research problems on the MAC layer of DAWNs. In addition, we also discuss the research issues on the routing layer and the transport layer. Moreover, other research challenges on the performance evaluation of DAWNs and a brief introduction of indoor DAWNs are given in this paper as well. In conclusion, we summarize the current research issues on DAWNs as well as prospects in the future.

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Avoiding head of line blocking in directional antenna [MAC protocol]

Cited by 32 publications

References 10 publications

Directional Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: A Survey

Directional Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: A Survey

Analysis and Enhancements for IEEE 802.11 Networks Using Directional Antenna With Opportunistic Mechanisms

An overview of using directional antennas in wireless networks

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