Axenic growth up-regulates mass-specific metabolic rate, stress resistance, and extends life span in Caenorhabditis elegans

Houthoofd, Koen; Braeckman, Bart P.; Lenaerts, Isabelle; Brys, Kristel; Vreese, Annemie De; Eygen, Sylvie Van; Vanfleteren, Jacques R.

doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(02)00173-0

Cited by 190 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Bacteria-free Drosophila larvae have slowed or arrested development depending on dietary conditions (Erkosar et al, 2013), and germ-free adult flies have been reported to have reduced lifespan compared with conventional flies (Brummel et al, 2004). The development and lifespan of the nematode C. elegans, on the other hand, is twice as long when cultured in axenic conditions (Houthoofd et al, 2002), whereas addition of live Escherichia coli restores its normal life history (Lenaerts et al, 2008). The disparate nature of these effects in the small number of model systems examined, and the complex interactions between hosts, microbiota and environment prevent many generalizations from being made across taxa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water fleas require microbiota for survival, growth and reproduction

2014

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Microbiota have diverse roles in the functioning of their hosts; experiments using model organisms have enabled investigations into these functions. In the model crustacean Daphnia, little knowledge exists about the effect of microbiota on host well being. We assessed the effect of microbiota on Daphnia magna by experimentally depriving animals of their microbiota and comparing their growth, survival and fecundity to that of their bacteria-bearing counterparts. We tested Daphnia coming from both lab-reared parthenogenetic eggs of a single genotype and from genetically diverse field-collected resting eggs. We showed that bacteria-free hosts are smaller, less fecund and have higher mortality than those with microbiota. We also manipulated the association by exposing bacteria-free Daphnia to a single bacterial strain of Aeromonas sp., and to laboratory environmental bacteria. These experiments further demonstrated that the Daphnia-microbiota system is amenable to manipulation under various experimental conditions. The results of this study have implications for studies of D. magna in ecotoxicology, ecology and environmental genomics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water fleas require microbiota for survival, growth and reproduction

2014

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“…Although metabolic rate tends to scale with temperature in exothermic animals (Tribe and Bowler 1968), metabolic rate clearly does not determine lifespan (Yen et al 2004). Work in flies, worms, and mice has shown that metabolism and longevity are not always correlated (Arking et al 1988;Dillin et al 2002;Holloszy and Smith 1986;Houthoofd et al 2002;Hulbert et al 2004). The effects of cold temperature on an organism are more complicated than usually appreciated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for only two independent pathways for decreasing senescence in Caenorhabditis elegans

Yen

Mobbs

2009

AGE

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Cold temperature, dietary restriction, reduced insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling, and mutations in mitochondrial genes have all been shown to extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (Kenyon et al., Nature 366:461-464, 1993; Klass, Mech Ageing Dev 6:413-429, 1977; Lakowski and Hekimi, Science 272:1010-1013. Additionally, all of them extend the lifespan of mice (Bluher et al., Science 299:572-574, 2003; Conti et al., Science 314:825-828, 2006; Holzenberger et al., Nature 421:182-187, 2003; Liu et al., Genes Dev 19:2424-2434 Weindruch and Walford, Science 215:1415-1418, 1982. The mechanism by which these treatments extend lifespan is currently unknown, but our study uses an epistatic approach to show that these four manipulations are mainly additive in terms of lifespan. Classical interpretation of this data suggests that these manipulations are independent of each other. However, using a Gompertz mortality rate analysis, the maximum mortality rate doubling time can be achieved through the use of only dietary restriction and cold temperature, suggesting that the mechanisms by which cold temperature and caloric restriction extend lifespan are the only independent mechanisms.

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“…The difference is likely due to the difference in protocols used by most studies. Although most studies have initiated DR when the worms were still in their larval stage, the present initiated DR in adults to avoid developmental confounds as the generational time has shown to be longer in worms maintained in axenic media [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Furthermore, dietary restriction does not reduce lifetime metabolic rate per unit metabolically active tissue in rats [19]. Indeed, DR actually increases mass specific metabolism in C. elegans [20,21] and yeast [22,23]. Conversely, reducing metabolism by metabolic manipulations in C. elegans does not extend lifespan when initiated in adult animals [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Restriction and Cold Temperature Both Acutely Reduce Senescence in C. elegans

Yen¹,

Mobbs²

2008

TOLSJ

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Cold/hypothermic induced longevity (CHIL) increases maximum lifespan, but the acute effects of CHIL on senescence, herein defined as the acceleration in mortality rate with age, have not been examined. Furthermore, dietary restriction (DR) also increases maximum lifespan, but the effect of DR on senescence remains controversial. Here, we demonstrate that in C. elegans, both DR and CHIL significantly reduce senescence. Furthermore, even at midlife, transfer to or from a life-extending condition acutely changes the rate of senescence. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that previous temperature or dietary conditions cause irreversible damage to the organism, but future acceleration of this damage is solely dependent on the current temperature or dietary regimen.

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Axenic growth up-regulates mass-specific metabolic rate, stress resistance, and extends life span in Caenorhabditis elegans

Cited by 190 publications

References 23 publications

Water fleas require microbiota for survival, growth and reproduction

Water fleas require microbiota for survival, growth and reproduction

Evidence for only two independent pathways for decreasing senescence in Caenorhabditis elegans

Dietary Restriction and Cold Temperature Both Acutely Reduce Senescence in C. elegans

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