Axially and radially viewed inductively coupled plasmas — a critical review

Brenner, I. B.; Zander, Andrew T.

doi:10.1016/s0584-8547(00)00243-3

Cited by 140 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…A robust condition was obtained at high RF power and low nebulizer gas flow rate, as expected and described in the literature. [36][37][38] A response surface maximum point was not obtained; an ever-increasing pattern was observed until the instrumental limits. The thresholds between robust and non-robust conditions were established.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…27,36,[40][41][42] Since ionic lines are more sensitive to changes in atomization and excitation conditions than atomic lines, the intensity ratio of the lines is a practical criterion to evaluate the plasma robustness and analytical performance. A robust condition can be achieved when higher RF applied power level (≥ 1200 W) is combined with lower nebulizer gas flow rate (≤ 0.6 L min -1 ) 37,38,43,44 and this condition is characterized by the high intensity ratio of Mg II/Mg I, values above 8. 22 Sensitivity -signal-to-background ratio (SBR) Because of the spectral complexity, low sensitivity and interference combined with the low abundance of REEs, a set of operating condition should be considered Evaluation of Signal-to-Background and Mg II/Mg I Ratios J. Braz.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of signal-to-background and Mg II/Mg I ratios as response for the optimization of rare earth elements determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Guimarães-Silva

Lena

Froes

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Elementos terras raras (ETR) fazem parte de um grupo peculiar de elementos químicos e sua determinação em amostras geológicas é importante e complexa, devido às baixas concentrações e problemas com interferências espectrais e não espectrais. Neste trabalho, planejamentos experimentais foram utilizados para otimizar as condições operacionais de um espectrômetro de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) para a determinação de ETR. A razão entre o sinal analítico dos ETR e o sinal de fundo (SBR) e a razão Mg II/Mg I foram avaliadas como respostas na otimização. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, três diferentes condições de operação foram selecionadas e classificadas como robusta, semi-robusta e melhor SBR. Limites de detecção (LOD), SBR e desvio padrão relativo de medidas de uma solução do branco (DPR branco ) foram determinados. Na condição semi-robusta (potência de 1250 W e vazão do gás nebulizador de 0,90 L min −1 ) foram obtidos LOD e DPR branco mais baixos que nas outras condições estabelecidas.Rare earth elements (REEs) is a peculiar group of chemical elements. Their determination in geological samples is important and complex due to their low concentrations and problems with spectral and non-spectral interferences. Herein, the operating conditions of an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer were optimized for the determination of REEs using experimental designs. The signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of the REEs emission signals and the Mg II/Mg I line intensity ratio were evaluated as response functions. According to the results obtained, three different sets of operating conditions were selected and classified as robust, semi-robust and best SBR conditions. Limits of detection (LOD), SBR and relative standard deviation of the blank solution (RSD blank ) were determined. The semi-robust condition (RF power of 1250 W and nebulizer gas flow rate of 0.90 L min −1 ) exhibited lower LOD and RSD blank than others tested operating conditions. Keywords: rare earth elements, ICP OES, optimization, SBR, Mg II/Mg I IntroductionInductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) has been widely used for multielement analysis and is recognized as one of the most effective techniques for determination of major, minor and trace elements including the rare earth elements (REEs) in geological samples with complex matrices. [1][2][3][4] Recently, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has shown to be a powerful tool for the direct determination of REEs, but it is still too expensive and unavailable for many laboratories. On the other hand, ICP OES is more affordable and shows good analytical qualities, such as precision and accuracy, relatively low limits of detection, high sample throughput, simultaneous determination of most elements and wide dynamic range. [5][6][7] From a geological point of view, the determination of REEs is vital to understand the geochemical processes in Evaluation of Signal-to-Background and Mg II/Mg I Ratios J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 7...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of signal-to-background and Mg II/Mg I ratios as response for the optimization of rare earth elements determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Guimarães-Silva

Lena

Froes

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…Also, the ratio values showed in Figure 2 confirm the fact that radial viewing position is less sensitive to changes in matrix composition than axial. 26,31 Among the literature data of organic acid matrix effects in plasma, the monocarboxylic acetic acid is the most studied one. Several authors found the higher Mg ratio for acetic acid solutions.…”

Section: Testing the Robustness Of Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Matrix Effects of Polycarboxylic Acid Introduction in Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

Rončević¹,

Svedružić²

2012

Croat. Chem. Acta

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Abstract. In order to establish prerequisite conditions for hyphenation of inductively coupled plasmaatomic emission spectrometry with liquid chromatography, the effects on plasma signal by loading of low concentrated solutions of tartaric, citric and dipicolinic acid were studied. The intensities of Mn, Li, Mg, Cd and Cu lines were observed in axial and radial signal collection mode. Influences of different ligand concentrations on excitation conditions compared to water were evaluated on the basis of signal-tobackground ratio (SBR) and limits of detection (LOD). Lower LOD values were established in the solutions of tartaric and citric acid than in water solution. Higher values were observed in solutions of dipicolinic acid. The Mg II / Mg I line intensity ratio was calculated in order to compare the changes in excitation conditions. Polycarboxylic acid matrices showed slightly departures from equilibrium conditions (≈3 %) in radial observation mode. The effects of polycarboxylic acids monitored on ionic and atomic lines of Cd and Cu were of more complex nature which regards to the type of compound and concentration of the acid solution.(doi: 10.5562/cca2066)

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“…12, 15,16 The atomization-excitation processes are favorable in the plasma when the local thermodynamic equilibrium is attained and the energy transfer processes are more effective. This situation characterizes a robust plasma and may be advantageous to decompose organic samples and to minimize matrix effects, mainly interferences of easily ionized elements, such as Na, K, and Ca.…”

Section: Plasma Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the good results reported in literature 15,20 and the ones obtained in a previous work with the same plasma equipment, 18 yttrium was selected as a possible internal standard.…”

Section: Plasma Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of liquid stevioside and cyclamate-saccharin dietetic sweeteners by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry without sample treatment

Sousa¹,

Baccan²,

Cadore³

2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A determinação de espécies inorgânicas em adoçantes líquidos à base de ciclamato-sacarina e esteviosídeo é descrita. O método, sem tratamento prévio da amostra, é baseado na espectrometria de emissão óptica em plasma com acoplamento indutivo. Parâmetros instrumentais foram otimizados de acordo com a robustez do plasma e a razão sinal analítico/ sinal de fundo. A exatidão foi avaliada para As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn empregando experimentos de adição e recuperação. Os valores de recuperação ficaram entre 90 e 110% para a maioria dos analitos, os RSDs obtidos foram, em geral, menores que 5% e os limites de detecção ficaram na faixa de 0,7 (Mg) a 71 (Pb) μg L -1. Não foi detectada a presença de As, Co e Pb. As concentrações de Cu e Zn foram semelhantes para as amostras de ciclamatosacarina e esteviosídeo enquanto as demais espécies mostraram diferenças.An analytical method for the determination of inorganic species in liquid cyclamate-saccharin and stevioside sweeteners is presented. The method is based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and allowed analysis without prior sample treatment. Instrumental parameters were optimized according to plasma robustness and the signal to background ratio. The accuracy of the method was evaluated for As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn employing analyte addition and recovery experiments. The recovery values were between 90 and 110% for the majority of the analytes, the RSDs obtained were, in general, lower than 5% and the limits of detection were in the range 0.7 (Mg) -71 (Pb) μg L -1 . The analyses of different samples indicated that the average values of many of the analytes studied were different for the two types of samples. Copper and Zn concentrations were in the same range and As, Co, and Pb were not detected in any samples.

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Axially and radially viewed inductively coupled plasmas — a critical review

Cited by 140 publications

References 121 publications

Evaluation of signal-to-background and Mg II/Mg I ratios as response for the optimization of rare earth elements determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Evaluation of signal-to-background and Mg II/Mg I ratios as response for the optimization of rare earth elements determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Evaluation of Matrix Effects of Polycarboxylic Acid Introduction in Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

Analysis of liquid stevioside and cyclamate-saccharin dietetic sweeteners by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry without sample treatment

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