Azoles for Renewable Energy Development and Wood Treatment

Abstract

Azole applications in energy are empirical and, despite increasing interest in azole and energy research, many challenges remain in synthesizing and processing azoles with functionality for energy applications. The use of azole in wood treatment has been effective to some extent in producing durable wood; however, there is still the need for improving the treatment of wood species. This chapter seeks solutions which are developed systematically with scientific validation principles. Consequently, this chapter aims to provide a concise overview of integrating azoles in materials used for renewable energy processing and applications, and wood treatment, with an outlook on challenges and opportunities.

Azole Use in Agriculture, Horticulture, and Wood Preservation – Is It Indispensable?

“…Their use aims to ensure the long-term stability of wood products. Azoles were first introduced to the wood preservation market in the 1990s and are now among the fungicides most commonly used in the wood industry ( Derkyi, 2020 ). Tebuconazole accounts for the largest share of azole demand across all industries globally, with 16,000 tons consumed per year and a market of $ 600 million in 2015 ( Kukowski, 2018 ).…”

“…Most commercial wood preservation treatments contain copper ions, which give treated wood its characteristic greenish-brown coloration. Several preparations, which typically include copper have been commercialized and are composed of 96 % ammine copper and a 4 % azole, either tebuconazole used alone or a mixture of propiconazole and tebuconazole ( Derkyi, 2020 ).…”