Azoospermia - An Overview

Abstract

The lack of sperm in the ejaculate is the hallmark of azoospermia. 15% of male infertile individuals have azoospermia. Obstructive azoospermia (OA) and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) are the two main types of azoospermia. Infertility is a widespread chronic condition that affects mostly people aged 25 to 44, accounting for around 15% of all couples worldwide. The specific causes of azoospermia are not often obvious, but when the pathophysiology is idiopathic, the sickness is primarily linked to difficulties with ciliary function and mucus quality. The lack of gonadotropin production or intrinsic testicular dysfunction might be the reason for the NOA analysis. Silber and Owen developed microsurgical procedures for treating obstructive azoospermia in 1977, which have since become the norm for reconstructive surgery in male reproductive tract disorders. Micro TESE, an innovative method based on microsurgical procedures, is successful for sperm retrieval in males with NOA having ICSI. Keywords: Azoospermia, Invitro fertilization (IVF), Spermatogenesis, Chromosome, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone.