“…Further studies show that lncRNAs are involved in various cellular processes, including cell differentiation (Wang et al, 2014), cell growth (Wang et al, 2008), nuclear organization (Sun et al, 2018), cancer cell biology (Schmitt and Chang, 2016;Tang et al, 2018;Vafadar et al, 2019), and inactivation of X-chromosomes (Wutz, 2011). Additionally, lncRNAs can also act as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) or miRNA sponges in the process of cancer (Poliseno et al, 2010;Shan et al, 2018;Kong et al, 2020) and virus infection (Chai et al, 2018) to protect target mRNAs from degradation. More importantly, various studies have confirmed that lncRNAs are involved in modulating immune responses against IAV infection (Table 1).…”