B-Sides Serologic Markers of Immunogenicity in Kidney Transplanted Patients

Abstract

This report on safety and immunogenicity of the seasonal unadjuvanted 2012-2013 flu vaccination suggests that evaluating immunogenicity of influenza vaccination exclusively by hemagglutination inhibition assay may be misleading in individuals receiving yearly seasonal vaccines. Further investigations are required to understand the relation between vaccination and anti-HLA antibody development.

Waning of vaccine-induced immunity to measles in kidney transplanted children

“…This condition can cause the premature aging of the system itself and several abnormalities in the distribution of the B cell subpopulations which have been further related to an altered ability to maintain of protective vaccine-induced immunity after vaccinations. [12,17,18,32] In agreement with these data, in the present study, the waning of protective vaccine-induced immunity, previously acquired through immunization, was directly related to the degree of immune senescence.…”

“…[10] Furthermore, informative correlates of protection other than standard serology test are needed in such population in order to design a personalized revaccination schedule. [11,12] In view of this background, we performed analysis of measles-specific avidity test to evaluate the quality of protective antibodies and the frequency of measles-specific B-cell memory responses through enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELIspot). We further analyzed clinical factors related to the loss of vaccine-induced protective immunity in SOT population.…”

Paradoxical aging in HIV: immune senescence of B Cells is most prominent in young age

“…In agreement with previous findings in HC [8, 9, 37, 38], an age dependent impairment of the serological response to influenza vaccine was evident in this cohort and a negative association between age and serological response was observed in both HIV and HC. The immune boosting effect of vaccinations observed in approximately half of the study population, and prior reports of vaccine responses in adult HC [8], pediatric HIV [18] and pediatric kidney transplanted patients [39] support the current practice of yearly vaccination against influenza. However previous exposure and vaccination make the evaluation of the HAI serologic response to the H1N1 vaccine antigen by itself insufficient to inform about immune competence in this group of study participants, and pointed to a need for additional immunologic measures.…”

“…It has previously been shown in HIV children and recently confirmed in elderly HC that MBC are not affected by prior vaccination [8, 18, 39, 40]. To augment the immunologic assessment, cellular respon-ses of B cells following vaccination were also determined by ELISpot for memory B cells (MBC) on day 21 and for spontaneous antibody secreting cells (ASC) on day 7, and both assays revealed contrasting effects of age in HIV and HC.…”

Downfall of the current antibody correlates of influenza vaccine response in yearly vaccinated subjects: Toward qualitative rather than quantitative assays

“…These data suggest that the selection of highly specific memory B‐cell clones through somatic hypermutation after antigenic boost should be monitored with other parameters assessing the quality rather than the quantity of antibodies produced, especially in yearly vaccinated patients. Altogether, these studies clearly indicate that with yearly administration of influenza vaccines containing the same A(H1N1)pdm09 strain, the current standard correlates do fail to distinguish between vaccine responders and non‐responders as well as possibly between protected vs. non‐protected individuals. In yearly exposed healthy individuals indeed, a lack of association between pre‐season HI titers and protection from natural infection by A(H1N1) virus strains was recently reported .…”