B) Unesco—wmo Ihd

Schoeller, Henri

doi:10.1080/02626667109493056

Cited by 1 publication

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“…The ion exchange rate is a necessary process that affects the chemistry of groundwater. The degree of this ion exchange can be measured by the chloro-alkali index (CAI-1) [10]. The CAI used in the ion exchange evaluation is calculated using the following formula:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in water quality are caused by chemical processes interacting with the media it is flowing up [7][8][9]. One of the chemical processes in water can be understood by the ion exchange rate, namely the chloro-alkaline index (CAI) [10]. For this reason, it is essential to identify changes in the chemical composition experienced by groundwater during the flows of its sub-surface [11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use the hot spring’s Chloro-Alkaline Index (CAI) for the low enthalpy prospect of the Rawadanau geothermal field

Hartanto,

Lubis

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The emergence of hot springs along the volcanic shelf in Indonesia is a feature of geothermal manifestations. The geothermal system is affected by heat sources, reservoir rocks, cap rocks, and meteoric water that fills and escapes as hot springs through fractures. The Rawadanau geothermal field in Serang Banten is low enthalpy prospects. Geothermal maintenance is defined by the chemical composition of the hot springs, one of which can be determined by the ion exchange rate, namely the chloro-alkaline index (CAI) method. There are 16 hot spring samples, with temperatures (31.2 - 54.6 °C), pH (6.2 – 7.3), and EC (1190 – 4460 μS/cm), respectively. The water types encountered are Na-Cl in the southern and Mg-Ca-HCO3, and Na-Mg-Ca-HCO3-Cl in the northern and western, respectively. Generally, samples taken in the rainy show negative CAI and positive CAI in the dry, while Cl-type is positive in two seasons. Based on water type and CAI show that the Na-Cl type tends to be positive in the two seasons. While the Ca-Mg-HCO3 type is positive in the dry and negative in the rainy, and the Mixed-type shows a negative CAI. The results of this study provide information for the maintenance of geothermal fields as they are developed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%