Babies Who Are Small for Gestational Age

Russell, Barbara K.

doi:10.1542/pir.16-9-354

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Subjects were categorized as small-for-gestational age if their birth weight was less than the 10 th percentile for gestational age. 13 At the 14-year visit, demographic data were recorded including parental-reported race (black or non-black), current Medicaid use, and patient smoking status. Measurements of the subjects' height, weight, and waist circumference were obtained, and the waist-to-height ratio and the body mass index (BMI) were calculated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity is Associated with Higher Blood Pressure and Higher Levels of Angiotensin II but Lower Angiotensin-(1-7) in Adolescents Born Preterm

South

Nixon

Chappell

et al. 2019

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Objectives-To evaluate if obesity is associated with increased angiotensin II (Ang II) and decreased angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] in the circulation and urine among adolescents born prematurely.Study design-In a cross-sectional analysis of 175 14-year-olds born preterm with very low birth weight, we quantified plasma and urinary Ang II and Ang-(1-7) and compared their levels between subjects with overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥85 th percentile, n = 61) and those

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity is Associated with Higher Blood Pressure and Higher Levels of Angiotensin II but Lower Angiotensin-(1-7) in Adolescents Born Preterm

South

Nixon

Chappell

et al. 2019

The Journal of Pediatrics

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“…Small-forgestational age infants have birth weight less than the 10 th percentile for gestational age, as well as decreased muscle mass and subcutaneous fat tissue caused by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). 11 In addition, SGA newborns are at greater risk of impaired renal function due to fewer nephrons compared to AGA newborns. 10 A previous study reported mean serum creatinine levels in very low birth weight (VLBW), low birth weight (LBW), and normal birth weight infants at 3 days of age to be 0.97 mg/dL, 0.58 mg/dL, and 0.48 mg/dL, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnosis of SGA was in accordance with the Lubchenco criteria, i.e., if the birth weight was less than the 10 th percentile for the infant's gestational age. 11 Exclusion criteria were newborns whose mothers had kidney disease or acute renal impairment, absence of diuresis within 48 hours, respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis or infection, major congenital abnormalities, multiple congenital anomalies, syndromes, or congenital heart disease.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10 The SGA newborns appear thin because of decreased muscle mass and subcutaneous fat tissue. 11,12 Creatinine is the result of the breakdown of muscle creatine phosphate, and is produced at a fairly constant level by the body depending on muscle mass. The SGA newborns have less muscle mass and higher risk of impaired renal function due to their smaller number of nephrons compared to appropriate-forgestational age (AGA) newborns.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Serum creatinine levels to estimate kidney function in small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age newborns

Sandinirwan

Primadi

Hilmanto

2018

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Background The main parameter used to determine renal function in newborns is serum creatinine. Fetal growth restriction during pregnancy can cause the baby to be born small-for-gestational age. Serum creatinine levels in newborns are affected by muscle mass, gestational age, as well as the number of nephrons and kidney development. Objective To determine the usefulness of serum creatinine levels as an estimate of glomerular filtration rate in small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age newborns. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in May-June 2018. The subjects were full term newborn infants consisting of small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age groups (16 subjects each), born in Bandung City Regional Public Hospital. Serum creatinine level was tested by the Jaffe method. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated based on serum creatinine, infant height, and a proportionality constant using the original Schwartz method, eGFR = [k * height]/SCr. Results Of 32 subjects, there were 17 spontaneous deliveries, 14 males, and 18 females. Mean serum creatinine levels in the small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age groups were 0.94 (SD 0.36; 95%CI 0.75 to 1.14) mg/dL and 0.69 (SD 0.18; 95%CI 0.60 to 0.79) mg/dL (mean difference 0.25; 95%CI 0.05 to 0.46; P=0.009), respectively. The median estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) in the small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age groups were 25.69 mL/min/1.73m2 and 30.10 mL/min/1.73m2 (median difference 4.42; 95%CI 2.04 to 15.8; P=0.008), respectively. There was a weak negative correlation between serum creatinine and birth weight (r=–0.344; P=0.027). Conclusion Serum creatinine levels in small-for-gestational age newborns are significantly higher than in appropriate-for-gestational age newborns.

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“…One preterm-birth subject was missing maternal hypertensive pregnancy data from the medical record and thus was assigned the response recorded from the questionnaire (kappa = 0.78 for agreement between the medical record and questionnaire in the preterm-birth cohort). Subjects were classified as small for gestational age if birth weight was <10 th percentile for gestational age and sex [ 12 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of circulating uric acid and angiotensin-(1–7) in relation to higher blood pressure in adolescents and the influence of preterm birth

et al. 2020

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Elevated serum uric acid increases the risk of hypertension, and individuals born preterm have higher blood pressure (BP) and uric acid, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Preclinical studies demonstrate uric acid increases BP via increased renin-angiotensin system (RAS) expression, especially angiotensin (Ang) II, but the association of uric acid with Ang-(1–7) is unknown. Ang-(1–7), an alternative RAS product, counteracts Ang II by stimulating sodium excretion, vasodilation, and nitric oxide, thus contributing to lower BP. Plasma Ang-(1–7) is lower in preterm-born adolescents. We hypothesized uric acid is associated with a higher ratio of Ang II to Ang-(1–7) in plasma, especially in preterm-born adolescents. We measured BP, serum uric acid, and plasma RAS components in a cross-sectional analysis of 163 14-year-olds (120 preterm, 43 term). We estimated the associations between uric acid and the RAS using generalized linear models adjusted for sex, obesity, sodium intake, and fat intake, stratified by birth status. Uric acid was positively associated with Ang II/Ang-(1–7) (adjusted β (a β ): 0.88 mg/dl, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.58), plasma renin activity (a β : 0.32 mg/dl, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.56), and aldosterone (a β : 1.26 mg/dl, 95% CI 0.18 to 2.35), and inversely with Ang-(1–7) (a β : −1.11 mg/dl, 95% CI −2.39 to 0.18); preterm birth did not modify these associations. Higher Ang II/Ang-(1–7) was associated with higher uric acid in adolescents. As preterm birth is associated with higher BP and uric acid, but lower Ang-(1–7), the imbalance between uric acid and Ang-(1–7) may be an important mechanism for the development of hypertension.

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Babies Who Are Small for Gestational Age

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Obesity is Associated with Higher Blood Pressure and Higher Levels of Angiotensin II but Lower Angiotensin-(1-7) in Adolescents Born Preterm

Obesity is Associated with Higher Blood Pressure and Higher Levels of Angiotensin II but Lower Angiotensin-(1-7) in Adolescents Born Preterm

Serum creatinine levels to estimate kidney function in small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age newborns

Association of circulating uric acid and angiotensin-(1–7) in relation to higher blood pressure in adolescents and the influence of preterm birth

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