Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine complications in Iranian children at a University Hospital

Abstract

Most children with BCG complications had a local disease in our study. A higher rate of disseminated disease was also observed. In addition, PID was identified in most children with disseminated disease. Development of more appropriate BCG vaccines and changing the current vaccination programme in cases with suspected PID are required in our country.

Life-Threatening Infections Due to Live-Attenuated Vaccines: Early Manifestations of Inborn Errors of Immunity

“…Disseminated BCG infection should be seen as evidence for an acquired or primary immunodeficiency and is associated with a high mortality rate [16,35,40]. The clinical signs leading to a suspicion of BCG infection are usually straightforward: a local abscess or severe ulcer at the injection site, or involvement of the regional ipsilateral ganglia with suppuration, fistula formation, or both, is observed shortly after vaccination [41]; in BCG-osis, distal lymph nodes, skin, lungs, bone, liver, spleen, and the central nervous system (CNS) are involved [42]. However, microbiological evidence is not always available, and diagnosis is often based solely on clinical findings.…”

Brain Tuberculomas as BCGitis Complication Presenting with Epileptic Spasms: A Case Report

“…7 Systemic complications often occur within 6 months after BCG vaccination. 8 Although some studies have reported that the disseminated disease can occur in patients with a normal immune system, this disease is mainly associated with primary immune disorders (PID). 5,9 Remote isolated BCGitisis referred to an only one location (brain, bone, lung) outside of the local or regional vaccination's site.…”

Newborn Screening for Primary Immunodeficiencies: The Gaps, Challenges, and Outlook for Developing Countries

“…The delay in diagnosis is of considerable concern with respect to the consequences of repeated and severe infections such as bronchiectasis and the complications resulting from live attenuated vaccinations such as BCG and oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV). Disseminated BCG-osis has been a wellknown complication with a reported incidence of 64% among patients presenting with disseminated BCG-osis (8). OPV can replicate for a prolonged period in PID patients, which can cause an increase in transmissibility and neurovirulence of the virus, which, besides carrying the hazard of vaccine associated poliomyelitis in PID patients, can theoretically be a potential threat to the community (9).…”