Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. nov., an alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium isolated from sediments of the South China Sea

Abstract

An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium, which was isolated from sediment samples from the South China Sea, was subjected to a taxonomic study. The isolate, strain L1 T , grew well at a wide range of temperatures and pH values, 10.0-45.0 6C and pH 6-11, with optima at 30 6C and pH 9.0, respectively. The growth of strain L1 T occurred at total salt concentrations of 0-10 % (w/v) with an optimum at 2 % (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequence comparison indicated that the isolate represented a member of the genus Bacillus. The strains most closely related to strain L1 T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507 T , Bacillus halodurans DSM 497 T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715 T , with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5 %, 95.9 % and 95.7 %, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1 T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507 T , B. halodurans DSM 497 T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715 T , showed reassociation values of about 21.7 %, 14.3 % and 13.9 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain L1 T was 40.76 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain L1 T were iso-C 14 : 0 and anteiso-C 15 : 0 . The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain L1 T (5JCM 18543 T 5DSM 26145 T ) should be classified as the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. nov.The genus Bacillus, which already contains more than 200 species, is one of the largest genera in the bacterial kingdom (http://www.bacterio.net/b/bacillus.html). Members of this genus live in a wide range of habitats, such as desert sands, hot spring vents and polar regions (Amoozegar et al., 2009;Gugliandolo et al., 2003; Shi et al., 2011;Sorokin et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2011a, b). Generally, cells of members of the genus Bacillus are aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, sporeforming, alkaliphilic, halophilic or halotolerant and Gramstain-positive rods. During an investigation of the culturable bacterial community from sediments of the South China Sea from a depth of 100-4000 m, a large number of bacterial strains were isolated. In the present study, a halotolerant alkaliphilic bacterium that was able to utilize lignin as a sole carbon source was isolated, with the aim of studying its degradation mechanisms for the depolymerization of lignin. Based on the results of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and a phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the novel isolate L1 T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Bacillus. The reference strains used in this study were type strains belonging to the genus Bacillus including Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507 T , Bacillus halodurans DSM 497 T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715 T , obtained from the G...

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