Backarc rifting, constructional volcanism and nascent disorganised spreading in the southern Havre Trough backarc rifts (SW Pacific)

Wysoczanski, Richard J.; Todd, Erin; Wright, I. C.; Leybourne, Matthew I.; Hergt, Janet; Adam, Claudia; Mackay, Kevin

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.04.004

Cited by 59 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…10 Ma) of the arc compared to the more complex, longer-lived Tonga-Kermadec, Mariana and Izu-Bonin intra-oceanic arcs (Ishizuka et al, 2003; I.J. Oakley et al, 2009;Wysoczanski et al, 2010). Most of the volcanic front volcanoes have summits 3.0-3.5 km above base levels, which are deeper in the north (2500-3000 m) than in the south (2000-2500 m).…”

Section: Volcanic Development and Structure Of The Arcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross-arc chains in the Kermadec arc such as Rumble V Ridge are likely to have a similar origin (Wright et al, 1996;Todd et al, 2010;Wysoczanski et al, 2010). However, there is thought to be no age progression along Rumble V Ridge in the Kermadec arc, with recently erupted lava observed along its length, and Wysoczanski et al (2010) concluded that the ridge represents the surface expression of a zone of dyke intrusion in the crust. In the case of the South Sandwich seamount chains, the large size of the seamounts indicates prolonged magmatism controlled by lithosphere structure, as proposed for the Izu-Bonin arc.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Volcanic evolution of the South Sandwich volcanic arc, South Atlantic, from multibeam bathymetry

Leat

Day

Tate

et al. 2013

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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New multibeam bathymetry data are presented for the South Sandwich intra-oceanic arc which occupies the small Sandwich plate in the South Atlantic, and is widely considered to be a simple end-member in the range of intra-oceanic arc types. The images show for the first time the distribution of submarine volcanic, tectonic and erosional-depositional features along the whole length of the 540 km long volcanic arc, allowing systematic investigation of along-arc variations. The data confirm that the volcanic arc has a simple structure composed of large volcanoes which form a well-defined volcanic front, but with three parallel crosscutting seamount chains extending 38-60 km from near the volcanic front into the rear-arc. There is no evidence for intra-arc rifting or extinct volcanic lines. Topographic evidence for faulting is generally absent, except near the northern and southern plate boundaries. Most of the volcanic arc appears to be built on ocean crust formed at the associated back-arc spreading centre, as previously proposed from magnetic data, but the southern part of the arc appears to be underlain by older arc or continental crust whose west-facing rifted margin facing the back-arc basin is defined by the new bathymetry. The new survey shows nine main volcanic edifices along the volcanic front and ca. 20 main seamounts. The main volcanoes form largely glaciated islands with summits 3.0-3.5 km above base levels which are 2500-3000 m deep in the north and shallower at 2000-2500 m deep in the south. Some of the component seamounts are interpreted to have been active since the last glacial maximum, and so are approximately contemporaneous with the volcanic front volcanism. Seven calderas, all either submarine or ice-filled, have been identified: Adventure volcano, a newly discovered submarine volcanic front caldera volcano is described for the first time. All but one of the calderas are situated on summits of large volcanoes in the southern part of the arc, and most are associated with current or historic volcanic or hydrothermal activity. Shallow shelves around the islands are generally 1-10 km wide. Submerged banks up to 1100 m deep are interpreted as subsided erosional surfaces. Seamounts and emergent volcanoes experienced a range of mass wasting processes including by landsliding and smaller mass flows. KeywordsVolcanic arc, subduction zone, caldera, seamount, submarine volcanism The importance of the South Sandwich volcanic arcThe South Sandwich volcanic arc, situated in the South Atlantic ( Fig. 1), is a tectonically simple, active, intra-oceanic arc, and is ideally suited to studies of volcanic arc crustal structure, geochemical investigation of mantle processes above a subduction zone, and sedimentation in an early stage of arc evolution. The active arc is built largely on oceanic crust of the small Sandwich plate which formed about 10 Ma at the back-arc East Scotia ridge spreading centre . The arc is forming in response to steeply inclined subduction of the South American plate beneath the Sand...

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Section: Volcanic Development and Structure Of The Arcmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic evolution of the South Sandwich volcanic arc, South Atlantic, from multibeam bathymetry

Leat

Day

Tate

et al. 2013

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…Havre Trough-Taupo Rift: This domain represents the continental arc and back-arc of the Hikurangi subduction margin, which widens northward as it transitions from the Taupo rift to the southern Havre trough (Wright, 1993;Wysoczanski et al, 2010). There has been one major historical surface rupturing earthquake on land and potentially one offshore.…”

Section: Extensionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Seismic Hazard Model for New Zealand: 2010 Update

Stirling

McVerry

Gerstenberger

et al. 2012

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

409

286

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A team of earthquake geologists, seismologists, and engineering seismologists has collectively produced an update of the national probabilistic seismic hazard (PSH) model for New Zealand (National Seismic Hazard Model, or NSHM). The new NSHM supersedes the earlier NSHM published in 2002 and used as the hazard basis for the New Zealand Loadings Standard and numerous other end-user applications. The new NSHM incorporates a fault source model that has been updated with over 200 new onshore and offshore fault sources and utilizes new New Zealand-based and international scaling relationships for the parameterization of the faults. The distributed seismicity model has also been updated to include post-1997 seismicity data, a new seismicity regionalization, and improved methodology for calculation of the seismicity parameters. Probabilistic seismic hazard maps produced from the new NSHM show a similar pattern of hazard to the earlier model at the national scale, but there are some significant reductions and increases in hazard at the regional scale. The national-scale differences between the new and earlier NSHM appear less than those seen between much earlier national models, indicating that some degree of consistency has been achieved in the national-scale pattern of hazard estimates, at least for return periods of 475 years and greater.Online Material: Table of fault source parameters for the 2010 national seismichazard model.

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“…Rather, these various arc-backarc segments may have formed in a tectonic setting more similar to either a) the disorganized spreading occurring in the Havre trough, where constructive volcanic centers are separated by discontinuous rift sectors along the magmatic front (e.g. Wright et al 1996;Wysoczanski et al 2010), or b) the early stages of arc rifting prior to development of a spreading centre such as inferred for the inception of the Mariana trough (e.g. Taylor 1992;Oakley et al 2009).…”

Section: Figure 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11; Dec et al 1997) is probably related to the disorganized nature of spreading in the Darriwilian arc (Fig. 14), such that rift sectors along the magmatic front are characterized by backarc-like rocks (Wysoczanski et al 2010).…”

Section: Forearc Basin and Basementmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Large Zones to Small Terranes to Detailed Reconstruction of an Early to Middle Ordovician Arc–Backarc System Preserved Along the Iapetus Suture Zone: A Legacy of Hank Williams

Zagorevski

McNicoll

Staal

et al. 2015

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Backarc rifting, constructional volcanism and nascent disorganised spreading in the southern Havre Trough backarc rifts (SW Pacific)

Cited by 59 publications

References 72 publications

Volcanic evolution of the South Sandwich volcanic arc, South Atlantic, from multibeam bathymetry

Volcanic evolution of the South Sandwich volcanic arc, South Atlantic, from multibeam bathymetry

National Seismic Hazard Model for New Zealand: 2010 Update

From Large Zones to Small Terranes to Detailed Reconstruction of an Early to Middle Ordovician Arc–Backarc System Preserved Along the Iapetus Suture Zone: A Legacy of Hank Williams

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