“…Over the years, this approach has been expanded to remove lesions above and below the sella; however, the use of a microscope and retractors limited its versatility and applicability (17,40,63). Simultaneously, the field of functional endoscopic sinus surgery evolved, and it became clear that straight and angled endoscopes could provide full visualization of the entire midline cranial base as well as aspects of the lateral cranial base through an endonasal approach (45,57). As a result, several groups have recently pushed the evolution of endoscopic cranial base surgery with cadaveric dissections and small case series (1-4, 7, 13-15, 19, 29-31, 34, 36-39, 44, 50, 51, 55).…”