Bacteraemia in patients admitted to an urban hospital in West Africa

Hill, Philip C.; Onyeama, Charles O.; Ikumapayi, Usman N.; Secka, Ousman; Ameyaw, Samuel; Simmonds, Naomi; Donkor, Simon; Howie, Stephen R. C.; Tapgun, Mary; Corrah, Tumani; Adegbola, Richard A.

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-7-2

Cited by 116 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This contrasts with studies conducted in the developing world, particularly in Africa and Southeast Asia, which document higher rates of Salmonella species bacteraemia [3,20].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…Descriptive analyses of the demographic and clinical characteristics of the study patients were conducted, including gender, age (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)30-39, 40-49 and 50 years), race/ethnicity (White non-Hispanic, Black nonHispanic, Hispanic, other, or missing), HIV transmission risk factor, CD4 count (o50, 51-200, 201-350, 351-500 or 4500 cells/mL), HIV-1 RNA ( 400, 401-1000, 1001-10 000, 10 001-100 000 or 4100 000 HIV-1 RNA copies/ mL), receipt of HAART and insurance. To retain patients in analyses, categories of 'missing' were included for race, risk factor, insurance, CD4 cell count and HIV-1 RNA.…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of and risk factors for bacteraemia in HIV-infected adults in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Wilson

et al. 2011

HIV Medicine

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Background HIV‐infected patients have an increased risk for bacteraemia compared with HIV‐negative patients. Few data exist on the incidence of and risk factors for bacteraemia across time in the current era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods We assessed the incidence of bacteraemia among patients followed between 2000 and 2008 at 10 HIV Research Network sites. This large multisite, multistate clinical cohort study collected demographic, clinical and therapeutic data longitudinally. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)‐9 codes were examined to identify all cases of in‐patient bacteraemia. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess risk factors for bacteraemia and trends over time in the odds of bacteraemia. Results A total of 39 318 patients were followed for 146 289 person‐years (PY). During the study period, there were 2025 episodes of bacteraemia (incidence 13.8 events/1000 PY). The most common bacteraemia diagnosis was ‘bacteraemia, not otherwise specified (NOS)’ (51%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16%) and Streptococcus species (6.5%). In multivariate analysis, the likelihood of bacteraemia was found to have increased in 2005–2008, compared with 2000. Other factors associated with higher odds of bacteraemia included a history of injection drug use (IDU), age ≥50 years, Black race and greater immunosuppression. Conclusions The likelihood of bacteraemia has risen slightly in recent years. Patients who are Black or have a history of IDU are at higher risk. Further research is needed to identify reasons for this increase and to evaluate programmes designed to reduce the bacteraemia risk.

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“…This contrasts with studies conducted in the developing world, particularly in Africa and Southeast Asia, which document higher rates of Salmonella species bacteraemia [3,20].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of and risk factors for bacteraemia in HIV-infected adults in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Wilson

et al. 2011

HIV Medicine

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“…They are responsible for 41% of bacteremia cases from community, followed by non-Salmonella Enterobacteriaceae (12% of cases) [8]. In Gambia (2003-2005), 10.7% (93/871) of blood cultures were positive for pathogenic bacteria, of which 10% were E. coli [9]. In Tanzania (2011), 7.4% (17/231) of febrile children in a health center had bacteremia, and E. coli was isolated from 40% of blood cultures [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from blood cultures in Mali

Sangare

Maïga

Guindo

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The increasing frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is becoming a serious public health concern. This study sought to determine ESBL frequency in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients' blood cultures in two university teaching hospitals of Bamako, Mali. Methodology: During a three-month period, the presence of Enterobacteriaceae from blood cultures of patients admitted to the university teaching hospitals of Bamako was evaluated. The microbial identifications were initially performed with an API 20E gallery and VITEK2 locally in Mali, and then confirmation in France was performed with a mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF in the bacteriology laboratory of the university teaching hospital of Bichat. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined by the diffusion method as recommended by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Results: The isolated species were K. pneumoniae (14/40; 35.0%), E. coli (11/40; 27.5%), and E. cloacae (9/40; 22.5%). Of the strains isolated, 21/34 (61.8%) had an ESBL phenotype, including 10/14 (71.4%) K. pneumoniae, 8/11 (72.7%) E. coli, and 3/9 (33.3%) E. cloacae. Resistances associated with ESBL strains of K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and E. cloacae were as follows: gentamicin (10/10, 100%; 6/8, 75%; 2/3, 67%, respectively), amikacin (2/10, 20%; 0/8, 0%; 0/3, 0%, respectively), ofloxacin (8/10, 80%; 7/8, 87%; 3/3, 100%, respectively), and cotrimoxazole (10/10, 100%; 6/8, 75%; 3/3, 100%, respectively). Conclusion: Almost two-thirds (61.8%) of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from our blood cultures were ESBL producers. Only susceptibilities to carbapenems and to amikacin were fully conserved within the strains.

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“…1 To reduce the risk of death from severe acute malnutrition, specialized nutritional and medical intervention is required. Bacterial infection can complicate advanced cases of severe acute malnutrition, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and the risk of nosocomial infection in inpatient settings can be high. Therefore, in 1999, when all children with severe acute malnutrition were treated as inpatients, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended routine use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for the management of severe acute malnutrition, irrespective of clinical indications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Routine Amoxicillin for Uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children

et al. 2016

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Bacteraemia in patients admitted to an urban hospital in West Africa

Abstract: Background: Few studies on bacteraemia in Africa have been published. We aimed to prospectively identify the causative organisms of bacteraemia in The Gambia and their relation to clinical diagnoses, outcome and antimicrobial susceptibility.

Cited by 116 publications

References 23 publications

Incidence of and risk factors for bacteraemia in HIV-infected adults in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Incidence of and risk factors for bacteraemia in HIV-infected adults in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from blood cultures in Mali

Routine Amoxicillin for Uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children

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