Bacteria‐Triggered Multifunctional Hydrogel for Localized Chemodynamic and Low‐Temperature Photothermal Sterilization

Abstract

enormous challenge to current therapeutic systems and biomedical engineering. [2] As a promising alternative for conventional antibiotic therapy, photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted ever increasing attention which converts light energy into heat energy via the photothermal effect of photothermal agents under the irradiation of near-infrared (NIR) laser. [3] The irreversible damage to cell membrane disruption and protein denaturation by the generated heat can induce bacterial death without generating drug resistance. [4] However, the high temperature induced by PTT may cause local collateral damage to normal cells and adjacent healthy tissues around heat-treated wounds owing to the inevitable thermal diffusion, leading to severe side effects of hyperthermia. [5] Moreover, achieving efficient hyperthermal administration typically requires high concentrations of photothermal agents, high power densities of lasers, or long-term laser exposure, which further increases the risk on human health. [6] To overcome the abovementioned drawbacks, low-temperature PTT (LT-PTT) at about 45 °C is a prospective modality to protect healthy tissues from high temperature damage. [7] While, LT-PTTinduced cell damage or bacterial apoptosis could be recovered with the assistance of heat shock proteins (HSPs), [8] thus making it difficult to guarantee efficient or complete eradication of bacterial infections. The incorporation of additional antimicrobial modalities for synergistic therapy is an important avenue to boost elimination efficiency. [9] As a suitable candidate, chemodynamic therapy (CDT) eliminates bacterial infections through the function of reactive oxygen species (ROS). [10] Considering that the heat generated via PTT can accelerate the generation of ROS in CDT which in turn improves the antibacterial activity of PTT, [11] the integration of CDT and PTT would be a charming strategy for facilitating LT-PTT. Furthermore, it is worthy of noting that the inherent short lifetime and long diffusion distance of ROS may compromise the antimicrobial activity. [12] Shortening the diffusion distance from ROS to the bacteria would be beneficial to enhance the efficiency of bacterial inactivation. [13] Hydrogels with cross-linked 3D networks and mesoporous structures have attracted great interesting in the field of Pathogenic infections seriously threaten public health and have been considered as one of the most critical challenges in clinical therapy. Construction of a safe and efficient photothermal antibacterial platform is a promising strategy for treatment of bacterial infections. Considering that high temperature does harm to the normal tissues and cells, herein, a bacteria-triggered multifunctional hydrogel is constructed for low-temperature photothermal sterilization with high efficiency by integrating localized chemodynamic therapy (L-CDT). The hydrogel is constructed by incorporating copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs ) with photothermal profile into the network of hyaluronic acid (HA) and Fe 3+ -EDTA complexes, ...

Recent Advances in the Development and Antimicrobial Applications of Metal–Phenolic Networks

“…Cu 2+ and Eu 3+ are commonly reported metal ions could promote angiogenesis, while Zn 2+ and Mg 2+ are widely used in the field of orthopedic materials by promoting mineralization and regulating macrophage polarization, and Fe 3+ is effective in the treatment of tumors and wounds due to its photothermal effect and mediated Fenton reaction. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Compared to their counterparts, MPNs exhibit better properties: wherein, the inorganic material play a variety of roles in promoting tissue regeneration, enhancing photothermal effect, exerting antimicrobial properties, acting as an important component of a sensor, or providing specific magnetic, electronic or electrochemical properties. [21][22][23][24][25] And the organic components greatly expand the range of available substrates by modifying material shape or material substrate properties, modifying hydrophobicity, providing active reaction interfaces, contributing their specific physicochemical properties such as electrical or optical properties or acting as important components in some electrochemical or biochemical reactions.…”

An Overview on Recent Progress of the Hydrogels: From Material Resources, Properties, to Functional Applications

“…In addition to the mentioned applications above, the hydrogels are widely used in other areas, such as low temperature photothermal sterilization, [259,260] skin radiation protection, [261][262][263] electrochromic displays, [264,265] and so on. In fact, with the deepening of scientific research, a class of materials called microgels has also attracted considerable attention.…”

Biodegradable MoOx@MB incorporated hydrogel as light-activated dressing for rapid and safe bacteria eradication and wound healing

“…7b), which is a mild temperature for killing the bacteria around the wound. 56,57 Aer antibacterial treatments, the evolution of the infected wound was recorded for 10 days. The wounds were photographed on days 0, 6 and 10 (Fig.…”