Bacterial biofilm formation, pathogenicity, diagnostics and control: An overview

Sawhney, Rajesh; Berry, Vandana

doi:10.4103/0019-5359.55113

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Per se , it is documented that in the biofilms, the bacteria are embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix and are protected against environmental stresses and antimicrobial treatment as well as against the host immune system [42]. Moreover, reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) estimated that the frequency of infections caused by biofilms, especially in the developed world, lies between 65% and 80%, respectively, [43]. Also, no activity was detected against fungi, which probably points out that antibacterial agents are more common in plants studied than antifungal agents [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologic Propensities and Phytochemical Profile ofVangueria madagascariensisJ. F. Gmelin (Rubiaceae): An Underutilized Native Medicinal Food Plant from Africa

Ramalingum

Mahomoodally

2014

BioMed Research International

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Vangueria madagascariensis (VM), consumed for its sweet-sour fruits, is used as a biomedicine for the management of diabetes and bacterial infections in Africa. The study aims to assess the potential of VM on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, glucose movement, and antimicrobial activity. The antioxidant properties were determined by measuring the FRAP, iron chelating activity, and abilities to scavenge DPPH, HOCl, ∙OH, and NO radicals. Leaf decoction, leaf methanol, and unripe fruit methanol extracts were observed to significantly inhibit α-amylase. Active extracts against α-glucosidase were unripe fruit methanol, unripe fruit decoction, leaf decoction, and ripe fruit methanol, which were significantly lower than acarbose. Kinetic studies revealed a mixed noncompetitive type of inhibition. Leaf methanolic extract was active against S. aureus and E. coli. Total phenolic content showed a strong significant positive correlation (r = 0.88) with FRAP. Methanolic leaf extract showed a more efficient NO scavenging potential and was significantly lower than ascorbic acid. Concerning ∙OH-mediated DNA degradation, only the methanol extracts of leaf, unripe fruit, and ripe fruit had IC50 values which were significantly lower than α-tocopherol. Given the dearth of information on the biologic propensities of VM, this study has established valuable primary information which has opened new perspectives for further pharmacological research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologic Propensities and Phytochemical Profile ofVangueria madagascariensisJ. F. Gmelin (Rubiaceae): An Underutilized Native Medicinal Food Plant from Africa

Ramalingum

Mahomoodally

2014

BioMed Research International

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“…Biofilms are sessile forms of bacterial colonies that attach to a mechanical or prosthetic device or a layer of mammalian cells and has an extensive extracellular matrix. NIH estimates that 80% of human bacterial infections involve biofilms (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-06-537.html) (Sawhney and Berry, 2009). …”

Section: E Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endolysins as Antimicrobials

Nelson

Schmelcher²,

Rodríguez-Rubio

et al. 2012

Advances in Virus Research

319

330

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“…CDC and NIH have stated that biofilms account for 65% of nosocomial infections and 80% of all known infections [101]. Biofilm formation provides a number advantages to microorganisms such as protection from a harsh environment, increased survival caused by gene up- or down-regulation, reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials [102, 103], neutralization of some antibiotics by EPS [104] and a barrier against the host immune system [9, 105].…”

Section: Biofilm Disrupting Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical Antimicrobials for Burn Infections – An Update

Sevgi¹,

Toklu²,

Vecchio³

et al. 2014

PRI

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The relentless rise in antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria and fungi, coupled with the high susceptibility of burn wounds to infection, and the difficulty of systemically administered antibiotics to reach damaged tissue, taken together have made the development of novel topical antimicrobials for burn infections a fertile area of innovation for researchers and companies. We previously covered the existing patent literature in this area in 2010, but the notable progress made since then, has highlighted the need for an update to bring the reader up to date on recent developments. New patents in the areas of topically applied antibiotics and agents that can potentiate the action of existing antibiotics may extend their useful lifetime. Developments have also been made in biofilm-disrupting agents. Antimicrobial peptides are nature’s way for many life forms to defend themselves against attack by pathogens. Silver has long been known to be a highly active antimicrobial but new inorganic metal derivatives based on bismuth, copper and gallium have emerged. Halogens such as chlorine and iodine can be delivered by novel technologies. A variety of topically applied antimicrobials include chitosan preparations, usnic acid, ceragenins and XF porphyrins. Natural product derived antimicrobials such as tannins and essential oils have also been studied. Novel techniques to deliver reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in situ have been developed. Light-mediated techniques include photodynamic therapy, ultraviolet irradiation, blue light, low-level laser therapy and titania photocatalysis. Passive immunotherapy employs antibodies against pathogens and their virulence factors. Finally an interesting new area uses therapeutic microorganisms such as phages, probiotic bacteria and protozoa to combat infections.

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Bacterial biofilm formation, pathogenicity, diagnostics and control: An overview

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 31 publications

References 61 publications

Biologic Propensities and Phytochemical Profile ofVangueria madagascariensisJ. F. Gmelin (Rubiaceae): An Underutilized Native Medicinal Food Plant from Africa

Biologic Propensities and Phytochemical Profile ofVangueria madagascariensisJ. F. Gmelin (Rubiaceae): An Underutilized Native Medicinal Food Plant from Africa

Endolysins as Antimicrobials

Topical Antimicrobials for Burn Infections – An Update

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