Bacterial Cellulose from Simple and Low Cost Production Media by Gluconacetobacter xylinus

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose pellicles were produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus using non conventional low-cost carbon sources, such as glycerol remaining from biodiesel production and grape bagasse, a residue of wine production. The carbon sources assayed showed their suitability for microbial cellulose production, with relatively high production values such as 10.0 g/l for the culture medium with glycerol from biodiesel as carbon source and corn steep liquor as nitrogen source; and 8.0 g/l for the culture medium containing grape bagasse and corn steep liquor. Glucose, commercial glycerol and cane molasses were also assayed as carbon souces for comparison. The bacterial celluloses produced were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, Xray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Morphological analysis showed that bacterial cellulose microfibrils produced from the non-conventional media used were several micrometers long and had rectangular cross-sections with widths and thicknesses in the range of 35-70 nm and 13-24 nm, respectively. X-ray patterns showed crystallinity levels in the range of 74-79% (area method), whereas both X-ray patterns and infrared spectroscopy evidenced the presence of bands characteristic of Cellulose I polymorph. Thermal properties were similar to those found for the pellicle obtained from glucose. The study performed showed the suitability of using wine residues or glycerol remaining from increasing biodiesel production as cheap carbon sources for production of bacterial cellulose microfibrils, with similar characteristics as those obtained by use of more expensive carbon sources such as glucose or commercial glycerol. On the other hand, the low cost nitrogen sources used (corn steep liquor or diammonium phosphate) also contributed to the economy of the bioprocess.Fil: Vazquez, Analia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Tecnologías y Ciencias de la Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Foresti, María Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Tecnologías y Ciencias de la Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Cerrutti, Patricia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Galvagno, Miguel Angel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (San Martin); Argentin

Production of Bacterial Cellulose From Industrial Wastes Using the Bacterial Strain Isolated From Kombucha.

“…SEM image of the BC paper sheet produced from TMCSL medium as shown in figure (2) is characterized by ultrafine three dimensional interwoven network of cellulose nanofibers in the range of 29-72 nm with plenty of connected pores which have different diameters. The results are in agreement with (Vazquez et al, 2013) where BC nanofibers produced by Gluconacetobacter Xylinus on Hestrin Schramm media containing grape bagasse and glycerol for 14 days were in the range of 30-80 nm and with (Cheng et al, 2017) who reported that BC nanofibers produced by Acetobacter xylinum on media containing bagasse hydrolysateas carbon source for 10 days at 30 o C were in the range of 30-80 nm. The FT-IR Spectroscopy was used to indicate the peaks of the BC sheet which are attributed to different functional groups found on native cellulose.…”

“…Acid whey which is the liquid fraction remains from the cheese manufacture process from milk has been used as a carbon source or a nutrient medium as it contains many valuable nutritional components like 940 lactose, amino acids, many minerals and some group B vitamins as reported by (Jozala et al, 2015;Swanporsi et al, 2014). Corn steep liquor is the by-product obtained from the production of starch from corn also has been used as alternate nitrogen source in the culture medium as it contains some essential amino acids, few carbohydrates, some vitamins and mineral salts which are essential to most of the bacteria as mentioned by (Rani et al, 2011;Vazquez et al, 2013). Costa et al (2017) reported that using CSL as an alternative nitrogen source in the medium caused an increasing in the yield of the cellulose as it contains lactate which induces the production of BC.…”

Production of Bacterial Cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum through Utilizing Acetic Acid Hydrolysate of Bagasse as Low-cost Carbon Source

“…The crystallinity index (CI) of produced BC was determined using the following equation (Vazquez et al 2013 where I200 corresponds to the maximum intensity of the lattice diffraction, and I2θ corresponds to the intensity of the peak at 2θ = 18°, which accounts for the amorphous part of cellulose. The intensity of the peaks was measured as the maximum value obtained for the peak taking into account a baseline.…”

“…The results corresponded to 66.5% of bagasse hydrolysate and 70.3% of the glucose. Such behavior could be ascribed to the small amount of residual inhibitors in the culture medium, which resulted in the hydrogen bonding between the cellulose glucan chains, and there was little reduction in the crystallinity index (Vazquez et al 2013;. …”

“…If the abundant bagasse can be converted into a growth medium for microbial fermentation to produce BC, high-value products could be made from the agricultural byproducts and effectively reduce the cost of BC production (Li et al 2012;Jiang et al 2015). Vazquez et al (2013) produced bacterial cellulose by G. xylinus using glycerol remaining from grape bagasse as the carbon sources, with the aim of formulating a general, simple and inexpensive medium to produce BC. They obtained 8.0 g/L of BC production and widths values in the range of 35 to 70 nm under optimized conditions.…”