Bacterial cellulose with CHAPK-mediated specific antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Wound healing represents a complex biological process often hampered by bacterial infections, in particular those caused by Staphylococcus aureus, which is already multiresistant to many antibiotics. In this sense, enzybiotics have additional advantages over conventional antibiotics, since they provide pathogen specificity and do not contribute to antibiotic resistance. However, their soluble administration at the wound site would result in enzyme leakage. On the other hand, bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles present a very promising dressing and scaffold, given its high purity, water retention capacity, and barrier effect in the wound against possible contaminants. In this study, we present a novel approach that incorporates the enzybiotic CHAPK into BC to develop functionalized membranes that exhibit targeted and controlled antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. The kinetic tests revealed a continuous loading of the enzybiotic into BC until it reaches a maximum and a two-stage release process, characterized by an initial fast release followed by a sustained release. Attenuated total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) confirmed the incorporation and the preferential surface localization of CHAPK within the BC membranes. Finally, the BC/CHAPK materials demonstrated the sustained reduction of up to 4 logarithmic units in the viability of S. aureus. Overall, the biomaterials developed here exhibit promising antimicrobial efficacy against S. aureus, offering a potential strategy for wound management and skin infection control while maintaining unharmed the commensal skin microbiota, which impairment could compromise the integrity of the skin barrier function.