Bacterial Communities from Deep Hydrothermal Systems: The Southern Gulf of California as an Example of Primeval Environments

Espinosa-Asuar, Laura; Soto, Luís A.; Salcedo, Diana L.; Hernández-Monroy, Abril; Eguiarte, Luis E.; Souza, Valeria; Vélez, Patricia

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46087-7_7

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Our results evidenced the differentiation of fungal communities among an OMZ, low-and high-temperature vent systems, sharing only five ASVs. Particularly, the OMZ site ZM_2 and the vent system site AV_1 were the most distinct sites, in accordance to previous reports on bacterial diversity (Espinosa-Asuar et al, 2020). These results suggest that fungal assemblages in each ecosystem (e.g., AR vs. PB vents) might be explained by the diversity of the surrounding physicochemical conditions (i.e., gradients of temperature, pH, etc.…”

Section: Beta Diversity Estimatessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…So, it is reasonable to believe that fungi, as heterotrophic microorganisms, take advantage of nutrient pulses in deep-sea extreme ecosystems. In addition, our results revealed opposite diversity patterns to those reported for bacteria from the same samples, where high-temperature vents (PV_1 and PV_3) were the least diverse localities (Espinosa-Asuar et al, 2020), denoting cross-kingdom antagonistic processes that shall be further confirmed.…”

Section: Alpha Diversity Estimatescontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…Since their recent discovery, the biological diversity and ecology of the hydrothermal vents of Pescadero Basin (PB), Pescadero Transform Fault (PTF), and Alarcón Rise (AR), as well as the OMZ of Alfonso Basin (AB) has been increasingly investigated (Goffredi et al, 2017(Goffredi et al, , 2021Salcedo et al, 2019Salcedo et al, , 2021Espinosa-Asuar et al, 2020). Nevertheless, their fungal diversity remained unknown, hampering the robust view of ecosystem functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal Diversity in Sediments From Deep-Sea Extreme Ecosystems: Insights Into Low- and High-Temperature Hydrothermal Vents, and an Oxygen Minimum Zone in the Southern Gulf of California, Mexico

et al. 2022

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Deep-sea sediments are vast microbial habitats that cover almost two-thirds of the planet’s surface. Particularly, sediments in hydrothermal vents and oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) represent emblematic, and poorly understood extreme niches that pose strong selective pressures to life, representing untapped reservoirs of a unique microbial diversity. Nonetheless, the mycobiota in these systems remains relatively unknown. Here, we explored fungal diversity and community structure in deep-sea sediments collected from low- and high-temperature vent systems (Pescadero Basin, Pescadero Transform Fault, and Alarcón Rise) and an OMZ (Alfonso Basin) in the southern Gulf of California, by using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of the ITS1 region. We identified 102 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), principally affiliated to the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Our results also evidenced a high proportion of widely distributed, uncultured phylotypes (e.g., unknown clades closely related to the Basidiomycota such as Fungi sp. 18 and 19 formerly reported from deep-sea), evidencing the copious occurrence of novel fungal lineages with limited distribution to deep-sea sediments. Overall, the largest number of ASVs was recovered from high-temperature vent systems, corroborating these as diversity hotspots. In addition, clustering patterns across samples and the FUNGuild analysis revealed characteristic assemblages in each ecosystem, which could be linked to site-specific processes. This study provides baseline data paving the way for a better understanding of deep-sea fungal diversity, evidencing its potential importance in ecosystem functioning.

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Section: Beta Diversity Estimatessupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Alpha Diversity Estimatescontrasting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal Diversity in Sediments From Deep-Sea Extreme Ecosystems: Insights Into Low- and High-Temperature Hydrothermal Vents, and an Oxygen Minimum Zone in the Southern Gulf of California, Mexico

et al. 2022

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“…A proper comparison of host and environment cannot be made here, because seawater samples were not collected alongside these larvae. A coarse comparison of the bacterial communities associated with these larvae and with that of seawater from these locations (Gulmann et al, 2015;Espinosa-Asuar et al, 2019;Trembath-Reichert et al, 2019) suggests that there is some taxonomic overlap. However, identical and parallel molecular and bioinformatic sampling pipelines would be required to conclude whether deepsea larvae associate with a microbial community that assembles by neutral processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larvae of Deep-Sea Invertebrates Harbor Low-Diversity Bacterial Communities

Carrier

Beaulieu

Mills

et al. 2021

The Biological Bulletin

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Microbial symbionts are a common life-history character of marine invertebrates and their developmental stages. Communities of bacteria that associate with the eggs, embryos, and larvae of coastal marine invertebrates tend to be species specific and correlate with aspects of host biology and ecology. The richness of bacteria associated with the developmental stages of coastal marine invertebrates spans four orders of magnitude, from single mutualists to thousands of unique taxa. This understanding stems predominately from the developmental stages of coastal species. If they are broadly representative of marine invertebrates, then we may expect deep-sea species to associate with bacterial communities that are similar in diversity. To test this, we used amplicon sequencing to profile the bacterial communities of invertebrate larvae from multiple taxonomic groups (annelids, molluscs, crustaceans) collected from 2500 to 3670 m in depth in nearbottom waters near hydrothermal vents in 3 different regions of the Pacific Ocean (the East Pacific Rise, the Mariana Back-Arc, and the Pescadero Basin). We find that larvae of deep-sea invertebrates associate with low-diversity bacterial communities (~30 bacterial taxa) that lack specificity between taxonomic groups. The diversity of these communities is estimated to be~7.9 times lower than that of coastal invertebrate larvae, but this result depends on the taxonomic group. Associating with a low-diversity community may imply that deep-sea invertebrate larvae do not have a strong reliance on a microbiome and that the hypothesized lack of symbiotic contributions would differ from expectations for larvae of coastal marine invertebrates.

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“…In addition, some of the most extreme hyperthermophiles, Methanopyrus kandleri and Pyrodictium abyssi , with maximum measured growth temperatures of 122°C and 110°C, respectively, have been isolated from Guaymas Basin sediments and chimneys (Pley et al 1991; Kurr et al 1991; Takai et al 2008). The outsized role of Guaymas Basin in discovery of microbial processes makes the recent discovery of the Auka vent field, a second sediment hosted hydrothermal vent system along the same fault in the Gulf of California (Goffredi et al 2017; Paduan et al 2018; Espinosa-Asuar et al 2020), especially exciting, as it provides a unique opportunity for comparative analyses of sediment hosted hydrothermal vent systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial community of recently discovered Auka vent field sheds light on vent biogeography and evolutionary history of thermophily

Speth

Connon

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Hydrothermal vents have been key to our understanding of the limits of life, and the metabolic and phylogenetic diversity of thermophilic organisms. Here we used environmental metagenomics combined with analysis of physico-chemical data and 16S rRNA amplicons to characterize the diversity, temperature optima, and biogeographic distribution of sediment-hosted microorganisms at the recently discovered Auka vents in the Gulf of California, the deepest known hydrothermal vent field in the Pacific Ocean. We recovered 325 metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) representing 54 phyla, over 1/3 of the currently known phylum diversity, showing the microbial community in Auka hydrothermal sediments is highly diverse. Large scale 16S rRNA amplicon screening of 227 sediment samples across the vent field indicates that the MAGs are largely representative of the microbial community. Metabolic reconstruction of a vent-specific, deeply branching clade within the Desulfobacterota (Tharpobacteria) suggests these organisms metabolize sulfur using novel octaheme cytochrome-c proteins related to hydroxylamine oxidoreductase. Community-wide comparison of the average nucleotide identity of the Auka MAGs with MAGs from the Guaymas Basin vent field, found 400 km to the Northwest, revealed a remarkable 20% species-level overlap between vent sites, suggestive of long-distance species transfer and sediment colonization. An adapted version of a recently developed model for predicting optimal growth temperature to the Auka and Guaymas MAGs indicates several of these uncultured microorganisms could grow at temperatures exceeding the currently known upper limit of life. Extending this analysis to reference data shows that thermophily is a trait that has evolved frequently among Bacteria and Archaea. Combined, our results show that Auka vent field offers new perspectives on our understanding of hydrothermal vent microbiology.

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Bacterial Communities from Deep Hydrothermal Systems: The Southern Gulf of California as an Example of Primeval Environments

Cited by 5 publications

References 68 publications

Fungal Diversity in Sediments From Deep-Sea Extreme Ecosystems: Insights Into Low- and High-Temperature Hydrothermal Vents, and an Oxygen Minimum Zone in the Southern Gulf of California, Mexico

Fungal Diversity in Sediments From Deep-Sea Extreme Ecosystems: Insights Into Low- and High-Temperature Hydrothermal Vents, and an Oxygen Minimum Zone in the Southern Gulf of California, Mexico

Larvae of Deep-Sea Invertebrates Harbor Low-Diversity Bacterial Communities

Microbial community of recently discovered Auka vent field sheds light on vent biogeography and evolutionary history of thermophily

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