Bacterial community composition in gut content and ambient sediment of two tropical wild sea cucumbers (Holothuria atra and H. leucospilota)

Gao, Fei; Zhang, Yue; Wu, Pei‐Lin; Chen, Meng‐Ling; He, Linwen; Xu, Qiang; Wang, Aimin

doi:10.1007/s00343-021-1001-5

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In this study, there are 31 main phyla within the water microflora of L. vannamei, and 24 main phyla in the shrimp intestine, indicating the microflora in culture water is more diverse than the intestinal microflora of L. vannamei. At the genus level, Ruegeria, Halioglobus, and Woeseia are the dominant genera in the intestine and culture water of L.vannamei, similar to the results of previous studies (Gao et al, 2022). Previous studies reported that Pseudohongiella spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of sodium humate and probiotics on growth performance enzyme activity and microbial environment of Litopenaeus vannamei in high-density zero‐water exchange systems

et al. 2022

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The study investigates the outcomes of adding sodium humate and sodium humate with probiotics (Lysinibacillus, Bacillus subtilis) to culture water on the growth performance, enzyme activity, and microbial environment of shrimp. The sodium humate and probiotics concentrations were 3 mg/L and 105 CFU/mL in the culture water. Litopenaeus vannamei (0.31 ± 0.03 g) at a density of 300 shrimps/m3 were cultured in nine buckets for a 43-days culture experiment. The results showed that the survival rate (SR) of L. vannamei in sodium humate group and sodium humate with probiotics group were (88.44%) and (86.07%), with the sodium humate group outcome being significantly better than the control group. The shrimps’ final body weight and specific growth rate (SGR) in the two experimental groups were significantly higher than the control group. The feed conversion rate (FCR) was significantly lower than the control group. The ammonia nitrogen concentration in sodium humate with probiotics group was significantly lower than the control group on the 15th day. The activities of intestinal amylase, lipase, trypsin and hepatopancreas superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenol oxidase (PO), and catalase (CAT) in sodium humate group were significantly higher than the control group. Notably, SOD, PO, and lipase activities in sodium humate with probiotics group were significantly higher than the control group. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing showed that the Chao and Ace indices of the culture water microflora in experimental groups were higher than the control group, and the sodium humate group was significantly higher than the control group. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial communities in the intestine and culture water of L. vannamei, Proteobacteria was the most abundant phyla. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Pseudohongiella of water microflora in the control group was significantly lower than the experimental groups. Ruggiella (15.22-19.56%) was the most abundant genera of intestinal microflora. These results infer that the addition of sodium humate enhances the growth performance, digestive enzymes, and some immune enzyme activities, improving the richness of the water microbial community of L. vannamei.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of sodium humate and probiotics on growth performance enzyme activity and microbial environment of Litopenaeus vannamei in high-density zero‐water exchange systems

et al. 2022

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“…In previous studies, in the gut of some animals, such as the black tiger shrimp, Chinese shrimp and sea cucumbers, Vibrio were the most commonly found bacterial genus [20,25,26]. Although Vibrio are commonly considered a pathogen for aquatic animals, some avirulent strains have been used as probiotics, increasing disease resistance in the host [17,26]. In addition, Zhang et al used PCR-KGGE technology to analyze the gut bacterial in Perinereis aibuhitensis, finding that the most abundant genera were Propionigenium, followed by Pseudoalteromonas, which can maintain the normal physiological functions of the host [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Community in the Gut of Neanthes japonica and Its Association with Surrounding Environment

Shang

Li²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Diversity

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Neanthes japonica has high commercial value. The gut microbes in N. japonica can maintain the normal biological functions of the host. However, information on the gut bacterial community of N. japonica and its relationship with the surrounding environment is unclear. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate the bacterial communities in the gut of N. japonica and soil. The results showed that the bacterial community diversity and structure differed obviously between the gut and soil samples. Bacterial richness and diversity in the gut samples decreased considerably compared to soil samples. In addition, dominant bacterial taxa varied significantly between the gut and soil samples. The dominant phyla in the gut and soil samples were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota and Planctomycetota. The dominant genus in the gut was Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, while the dominant genera in the soil were Woeseia and Subgroup_23. In conclusion, the similarity between the bacterial communities in soil and the gut of N. japonica was small, indicating that soil had little effect on the establishment of the gut bacterial community. This study provides a better understanding of the gut bacterial community in N. japonica and the influence of the external environment on the colonization of the gut bacterial community.

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“…It is widely known that sea cucumber intestinal biota shares components with ambient sediment ( Yamazaki et al, 2019 ; Gao et al, 2022 ). Moreover, Cleary et al (2019) found that sea cucumbers, algae, and stony corals’ bacterial communities had similar taxonomic composition and diversity, and members of the phylum Planctomycetes were usually abundant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, basic data such as population densities, species assemblages, and substrate preferences are still lacking at the local level for most marine regions, yet are essential to set effective and precise conservation strategies. Surprisingly, the food sources of most species are largely unknown, with few exceptions ( e.g ., Uthicke, 1999 ; Mfilinge & Tsuchiya, 2016 ; Yamazaki et al, 2019 ; Gao et al, 2014 , 2022 ), and thus the main factors that drive sea cucumber distribution patterns are yet to be determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shallow epifaunal sea cucumber densities and their relationship with the benthic community in the Okinawa Islands

Hamamoto

Poliseno

Soliman

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Sea cucumbers are important ecological engineers in marine ecosystems. However, the fishery demand of some species, especially large-epifaunal and commercially used (LEC) sea cucumbers, has risen drastically, resulting in serious depletion of local populations for many species. Despite this problem, basic ecological data on sea cucumbers, such as population densities and preferred habitats, are often still insufficient. Here, we report on the population densities of multiple LEC sea cucumber species, and their ambient benthic communities at eight sites around Okinawa Islands. Further, we discuss the correspondence between sea cucumber densities and the surrounding coral communities. Our results show two sites within national or quasi-national parks, Aka and Manza, where stricter rules have been placed on fisheries and land reclamation compared to other areas, had the highest and third highest sea cucumber population densities among sites, respectively. Holothuria atra was observed at all survey sites and made up the majority of sea cucumber populations at all sites except for Chatan and Sesoko, where Holothuria leucospilota and Stichopus chloronotus were most abundant, respectively. Regarding the relationships between benthic composition and LEC sea cucumber species, S. chloronotus was significantly correlated with dead corals, scleractinian corals, and coralline algae. As well, H. leucospilota had significant correlations with rubble. Although there were no significant correlations between any specific scleractinian coral genus and sea cucumber densities, S. chloronotus was marginally insignificant with Platygyra and Psammocora. Notably, medium- to highly valued species were sparse in our surveys, and most of them appeared at only one site. Additionally, at one site (Odo), only three LEC sea cucumber individuals were observed. Combining these facts with relatively low population densities around the Okinawa Islands compared to densities reported in previous research from the Indo-West Pacific Ocean region, we conclude that Okinawan LEC sea cucumber populations have been and are being impacted by high levels of direct (e.g., overexploitation, as well as coastal development) and indirect anthropogenic pressure (e.g., decreasing water quality). To address the current situation, repeated monitoring and more detailed investigations to reveal the drivers that determine LEC sea cucumber species aggregations and population densities are urgently needed, along with more robust management of remaining LEC sea cucumber populations.

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Bacterial community composition in gut content and ambient sediment of two tropical wild sea cucumbers (Holothuria atra and H. leucospilota)

Cited by 19 publications

References 58 publications

Effects of sodium humate and probiotics on growth performance enzyme activity and microbial environment of Litopenaeus vannamei in high-density zero‐water exchange systems

Effects of sodium humate and probiotics on growth performance enzyme activity and microbial environment of Litopenaeus vannamei in high-density zero‐water exchange systems

Bacterial Community in the Gut of Neanthes japonica and Its Association with Surrounding Environment

Shallow epifaunal sea cucumber densities and their relationship with the benthic community in the Okinawa Islands

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