Bacterial composition and activity determines host gene-expression responses in gnotobiotic Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae

Forberg, Torunn; Vestrum, Ragnhild Inderberg; Arukwe, Augustine; Vadstein, Ôlav

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.01.007

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Thus, far, more than 20 pathogenic strains have been tested on germ free zebrafish (van der Sar et al, 2004; Lesley and Ramakrishnan, 2008; Kanther, 2010; Kanwal et al, 2013) or colonized with an artificial microbiota (Rawls et al, 2006; Cheesman and Guillemin, 2007; Kanther et al, 2011). Similar experiments were undertaken in non-model fish such as cod (Forberg et al, 2012), sea bass (Rekecki et al, 2013), and halibut (Verner-Jeffreys et al, 2003). In general, the results from most studies involving challenge of wild type or germ-free fish larvae with opportunistic pathogens highlight the protective role of the indigenous bacteria (Kanwal et al, 2013; Rendueles et al, 2013).…”

Section: Microbiome Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Teleost microbiomes: the state of the art in their characterization, manipulation and importance in aquaculture and fisheries

et al. 2014

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Indigenous microbiota play a critical role in the lives of their vertebrate hosts. In human and mouse models it is increasingly clear that innate and adaptive immunity develop in close concert with the commensal microbiome. Furthermore, several aspects of digestion and nutrient metabolism are governed by intestinal microbiota. Research on teleosts has responded relatively slowly to the introduction of massively parallel sequencing procedures in microbiomics. Nonetheless, progress has been made in biotic and gnotobiotic zebrafish models, defining a core microbiome and describing its role in development. However, microbiome research in other teleost species, especially those important from an aquaculture perspective, has been relatively slow. In this review, we examine progress in teleost microbiome research to date. We discuss teleost microbiomes in health and disease, microbiome ontogeny, prospects for successful microbiome manipulation (especially in an aquaculture setting) and attempt to identify important future research themes. We predict an explosion in research in this sector in line with the increasing global demand for fish protein, and the need to find sustainable approaches to improve aquaculture yield. The reduced cost and increasing ease of next generation sequencing technologies provides the technological backing, and the next 10 years will be an exciting time for teleost microbiome research.

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Section: Microbiome Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Teleost microbiomes: the state of the art in their characterization, manipulation and importance in aquaculture and fisheries

et al. 2014

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“…The effect of different probiotic candidate strains on gene expression of cod larvae revealed significant regulation of 14 “host response genes” involved in immune response, cell growth and nutrient uptake. Which bacterial species/strains that are present, and whether they are alive or dead makes a difference for how the different genes are expressed (Forberg et al, 2011b, 2012). …”

Section: Eco-physiology Of Microbe-microbe and Host-microbe Interactimentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing the Microbial Community of Marine Fish Larvae: A Holistic Perspective for Larviculture

et al. 2018

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The availability of high-quality juveniles is a bottleneck in the farming of many marine fish species. Detrimental larvae-microbe interactions are a main reason for poor viability and quality in larval rearing. In this review, we explore the microbial community of fish larvae from an ecological and eco-physiological perspective, with the aim to develop the knowledge basis for microbial management. The larvae are exposed to a huge number of microbes from external and internal sources in intensive aquaculture, but their relative importance depend on the rearing technology used (especially flow-through vs. recirculating systems) and the retention time of the water in the fish tanks. Generally, focus has been on microbes entering the system, but microbes from growth within the system is normally a substantial part of the microbes encountered by larvae. Culture independent methods have revealed an unexpected high richness of bacterial species associated with larvae, with 100–250 operational taxonomic units associated with one individual. The microbiota of larvae changes rapidly until metamorphosis, most likely due to changes in the selection pressure in the digestive tract caused by changes in host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions. Even though the microbiota of larvae is distinctly different from the microbiota of the water and the live food, the microbiota of the water strongly affects the microbiota of the larvae. We are in the early phase of understanding larvae-microbe interactions in vivo, but some studies with other animals than fish emphasize that we so far have underestimated the complexity of these interactions. We present examples demonstrating the diversity of these interactions. A large variety of microbial management methods exist, focusing on non-selective reduction of microbes, selective enhancement of microbes, and on improvement of the resistance of larvae against microbes. However, relatively few methods have been studied extensively. We believe that there is a lot to gain by increasing the diversity of approaches for microbial management. As many microbial management methods are perturbations of the microbial community, we argue that ecological theory is needed to foresee and test for longer term consequences in microbe-microbe and microbe-larvae interactions. We finally make some recommendations for future research and development.

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“…2011b, 2012). These cod experiments have also demonstrated that also dead bacteria result in a significant upregulation of genes, but the difference between live and dead bacteria varies for genes dependent on functionality (Forberg et al. 2012).…”

Section: Steering Larval Microbial Communities To the Benefit Of The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiology and immunology of fish larvae

Vadstein¹,

Bergh²,

Gatesoupe³

et al. 2013

Reviews in Aquaculture

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For most marine aquaculture species, one of the main bottlenecks is the stable production of high quality juveniles. The high and unpredictable mortality in the first weeks after hatching of marine fish larvae remains a challenging problem that needs to be solved. The severity of the problem differs between species, but cannot be considered adequately solved for any species. Both scientific evidence and experience in hatcheries for a variety of fish, shrimp and shellfish species are accumulating as support for the hypothesis that detrimental fish–microbe interactions are the cause of these problems. Host–microbe interactions in reared fish are still poorly understood, except for a few pathogens, and empirical data of the quality required to test this hypothesis, are lacking. This article provides an overview on the current knowledge of the microbial environment of fish larvae, including methodological aspects to characterize the microbial community (both using culture‐dependent and culture‐independent methods). Further, the current knowledge of the immunology of fish larvae is reviewed, including recent advances in the understanding of toll‐like receptors, inflammatory cytokines, mast cells and piscidins, and the ontogeny of the adaptive immune system. Finally, we provide an overview of the state of the art with respect to steering of microbial communities associated with fish larvae – both steering of community composition and of its activity (e.g. by quorum sensing interference).

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Bacterial composition and activity determines host gene-expression responses in gnotobiotic Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Teleost microbiomes: the state of the art in their characterization, manipulation and importance in aquaculture and fisheries

Teleost microbiomes: the state of the art in their characterization, manipulation and importance in aquaculture and fisheries

Managing the Microbial Community of Marine Fish Larvae: A Holistic Perspective for Larviculture

Microbiology and immunology of fish larvae

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