Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure of Supragingival Plaques in Adults with Dental Health or Caries Revealed by 16S Pyrosequencing

Abstract

Dental caries has a polymicrobial etiology within the complex oral microbial ecosystem. However, the overall diversity and structure of supragingival plaque microbiota in adult dental health and caries are not well understood. Here, 160 supragingival plaque samples from patients with dental health and different severities of dental caries were collected for bacterial genomic DNA extraction, pyrosequencing by amplification of the 16S rDNA V1–V3 hypervariable regions, and bioinformatic analysis. High-quality sequences (2,261,700) clustered into 10,365 operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 97% identity), representing 453 independent species belonging to 122 genera, 66 families, 34 orders, 21 classes, and 12 phyla. All groups shared 7522 OTUs, indicating the presence of a core plaque microbiome. α diversity analysis showed that the microbial diversity in healthy plaques exceeded that of dental caries, with the diversity decreasing gradually with the severity of caries. The dominant phyla of plaque microbiota included Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and TM7. The dominant genera included Capnocytophaga, Prevotella, Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Neisseria, Streptococcus, Rothia, and Leptotrichia. β diversity analysis showed that the plaque microbial community structure was similar in all groups. Using LEfSe analysis, 25 differentially abundant taxa were identified as potential biomarkers. Key genera (27) that potentially contributed to the differential distributions of plaque microbiota between groups were identified by PLS-DA analysis. Finally, co-occurrence network analysis and function predictions were performed. Treatment strategies directed toward modulating microbial interactions and their functional output should be further developed.

Oral and Dental Status of Bulgarian Patients – A 5-Year Study

“…Dental caries is major health problem in most countries. Similar to data of other studies, our survey demonstrated that patients with poorer oral hygiene have increased number of decayed, missing and filled teeth [6,7,17].…”

“…According to survey in Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, treatment of dental caries should be aimed at balancing restoration and modulating interactions to oral microbiota [17]. Dental caries is major health problem in most countries.…”

Leptotrichia species in human infections II

“…They were also recovered from oral plaque of guinea pigs [21] and feces of piglets [54], dental plaque from healthy individuals, plaque and saliva from patients with various types of caries, gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, and peri-implantitis [23,25–27,34,35,37,38,44,45,47,49,52,59,60,62,66–69,91,94], decayed tooth surfaces and discordant caries from intact enamel surfaces [53]. Leptotrichia species were also isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and patients with leukocytosis, hypoxemia, and dyspnea [24].…”

Cariogenic microflora and pH in superficial and deep layers of occlusal carious lesions - A metagenomic analysis

“…Lactobacillus metabolizes dietary sugars immediately and produces acid which is cause decalcification of teeth. [2,17,29,30] In the deep dentinal lesions, acid producing Lactobacillus spp are found to be predominant. In the molecular perspective, both S. mutans and Lactobaccillus spp sometimes are at very low levels or even go undetected suggesting that initiation and progression of caries cannot be solely attributed to these traditionally causative bacteria.…”