Bacterial diversity and functional analysis of severe early childhood caries and recurrence in India

Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Prabhu, Puniethaa; Bhat, Ashaq Hussain; Senthilkumar, Arunsaikiran; Arun, Raj Pranap; Asokan, Sharath; Gunthe, Sachin S.; Verma, Rama Shanker

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78057-z

Cited by 32 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Using the Nanopore MinION platform, we showed that the salivary microbiome of the CR group has greater alpha diversity than the CF group. This finding was unexpected as previous publications showed that in greater caries incidence, there is a reduction in diversity and an enrichment for aciduric and acidogenic species 37 – 39 . It should be noted that, to our knowledge, this is the first time that the Nanopore sequencing platform was used to study oral microbiome of caries recurrence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Association of Candida albicans and Cbp+ Streptococcus mutans with early childhood caries recurrence

Garcia

Acosta

Tomar

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Early childhood caries (ECC) recurrence occurs in approximately 40% of treated cases within one year. The association of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans with the onset of ECC is well known. Also, S. mutans strains harboring collagen-binding proteins (Cbps) avidly bind to collagen-rich dentin and are linked to increased caries risk. Here, we investigated the presence of Cbp+S. mutans and C. albicans in saliva and dental plaque of children with varying caries statuses, and their salivary microbiome. In this cross-sectional study, 143 children who were caries-free (n = 73), treated for ECC with no signs of recurrence after 6 months (n = 45), or treated for ECC and experiencing recurrence within 6 months following treatment (n = 25) were enrolled. Co-infection with C. albicans and S. mutans, especially Cbp+S. mutans, was strongly associated with caries recurrence. Subjects of the recurrence group infected with Cbp+S. mutans showed a greater burden of Candida spp. and of Mutans streptococci in dentin than those infected with Cbp- strains. Salivary microbiome analysis revealed that Streptococcus parasanguinis was overrepresented in the caries recurrence group. Our findings indicate that Cbp+S. mutans and C. albicans are intimately associated with caries recurrence, contributing to the establishment of recalcitrant biofilms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Association of Candida albicans and Cbp+ Streptococcus mutans with early childhood caries recurrence

Garcia

Acosta

Tomar

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…and Selenomonas spp. (Kalpana et al, 2020) were more abundant in dental plaque than oral swab samples from children with S-ECC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Characterization of Supragingival Plaque and Oral Swab Microbiomes in Children With Severe Early Childhood Caries

et al. 2021

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The human oral cavity harbors one of the most diverse microbial communities with different oral microenvironments allowing the colonization of unique microbial species. This study aimed to determine which of two commonly used sampling sites (dental plaque vs. oral swab) would provide a better prediction model for caries-free vs. severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) using next generation sequencing and machine learning (ML). In this cross-sectional study, a total of 80 children (40 S-ECC and 40 caries-free) < 72 months of age were recruited. Supragingival plaque and oral swab samples were used for the amplicon sequencing of the V4-16S rRNA and ITS1 rRNA genes. The results showed significant differences in alpha and beta diversity between dental plaque and oral swab bacterial and fungal microbiomes. Differential abundance analyses showed that, among others, the cariogenic species Streptococcus mutans was enriched in the dental plaque, compared to oral swabs, of children with S-ECC. The fungal species Candida dubliniensis and C. tropicalis were more abundant in the oral swab samples of children with S-ECC compared to caries-free controls. They were also among the top 20 most important features for the classification of S-ECC vs. caries-free in oral swabs and for the classification of dental plaque vs. oral swab in the S-ECC group. ML approaches revealed the possibility of classifying samples according to both caries status and sampling sites. The tested site of sample collection did not change the predictability of the disease. However, the species considered to be important for the classification of disease in each sampling site were slightly different. Being able to determine the origin of the samples could be very useful during the design of oral microbiome studies. This study provides important insights into the differences between the dental plaque and oral swab bacteriome and mycobiome of children with S-ECC and those caries-free.

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“…Comparison between CHD and HCG individuals showed that Fusobacterium , Prevotella, Capnocytophaga , and Oribacterium were more abundant in the CHD group, whereas in the HCG, Lactobacillus and Rothia were the discriminative features. Fusobacteira played an essential role in caries formation [ 42 ]. The fact that the species was found in the majority of children in the particularly vulnerable group of CHD children is of considerable interest because these microbes can enter the general circulation and cause bacteremia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome Analysis of Carious Lesions in Pre-School Children with Early Childhood Caries and Congenital Heart Disease

et al. 2021

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Oral bacteria have been associated with several systemic diseases. Moreover, the abundance of bacteria associated with caries has been found to be higher in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) than in healthy control groups (HCGs). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the dental microbiota in children with CHD compared to a HCG. The aim was to describe and compare the carious microbiome regarding the composition, diversity, and taxonomic patterns in these two groups. Twenty children with CHD and a HCG aged between two and six years participated. All of them were affected by early childhood caries. Microbiome profiling indicated that Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Capnocytophaga, and Oribacterium were more abundant in the CHD group, whereas Lactobacillus and Rothia were predominant in the HCG. Furthermore, microbiome analysis revealed three distinct clusters for the CHD and HCG samples. In the first cluster, we found mainly the genera Lactobacillus and Coriobacteriaceae. The second cluster showed a higher relative abundance of the genus Actinomyces and a more diverse composition consisting of more genera with a smaller relative lot. The third cluster was characterized by two genera, Streptococcus and Veillonella. These data can help us to understand the oral microbial community structures involved in caries and endodontic infections of pre-school children in relation to the general health of these high-risk patients.

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Bacterial diversity and functional analysis of severe early childhood caries and recurrence in India

Cited by 32 publications

References 65 publications

Association of Candida albicans and Cbp+ Streptococcus mutans with early childhood caries recurrence

Association of Candida albicans and Cbp+ Streptococcus mutans with early childhood caries recurrence

Characterization of Supragingival Plaque and Oral Swab Microbiomes in Children With Severe Early Childhood Caries

Microbiome Analysis of Carious Lesions in Pre-School Children with Early Childhood Caries and Congenital Heart Disease

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