Bacterial diversity within the equine large intestine as revealed by molecular analysis of cloned 16S rRNA genes

Daly, Kristian

doi:10.1016/s0168-6496(01)00178-7

Cited by 81 publications

(159 citation statements)

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“…Horses are hindgut fermenters and derive 60-70% of their energy from VFAs, produced through microbial fermentation of soluble sugars and structural carbohydrates within the hindgut, which are absorbed across the epithelia of the large intestine (Daly et al, 2001). Thus, VFA concentrations can be used as indicators of intestinal health in the horse (Berg et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial ecology of the equine hindgut during oligofructose-induced laminitis

et al. 2008

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Alimentary carbohydrate overload is a significant cause of laminitis in horses and is correlated with drastic shifts in the composition of hindgut microbiota. Equine hindgut streptococcal species (EHSS), predominantly Streptococcus lutetiensis, have been shown to be the most common microorganisms culturable from the equine caecum prior to the onset of laminitis. However, the inherent biases of culture-based methods are estimated to preclude up to 70% of the normal caecal microbiota. The objective of this study was to evaluate bacterial population shifts occurring in the equine caecum throughout the course of oligofructose-induced laminitis using several cultureindependent techniques and to correlate these with caecal lactate, volatile fatty acid and degrees of polymerization 3-7 fructo-oligosaccharide concentrations. Our data conclusively show that of the total microbiota present in the equine hindgut, the EHSS S. lutetiensis is the predominant microorganism that proliferates prior to the onset of laminitis, utilizing oligofructose to produce large quantities of lactate. Population shifts in lactobacilli and Escherichia coli subpopulations occur secondarily to the EHSS population shifts, thus confirming that lactobacilli and coliforms have no role in laminitis. A large, curved, Gram-negative rod previously observed during the early phases of laminitis induction was most closely related to the Anaerovibrio genus and most likely represents a new, yet to be cultured, genus and species. Correlation of fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR results provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that laminitis is associated with the death en masse and rapid cell lysis of EHSS. If EHSS are lysed, liberated cellular components may initiate laminitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial ecology of the equine hindgut during oligofructose-induced laminitis

et al. 2008

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“…The microbial ecology of foregut fermenters is researched extensively (Sylvester et al 2004;Denman & McSweeney 2006;Mosoni et al 2007;Wanapat & Cherdthong 2009). However, the literature regarding microbial ecology of hindgut fermenters is limited to horses (Koike et al 2000;Daly et al 2001;Yamano et al 2008). Results of present study serve as a baseline data for future research in this direction.…”

Section: Gut Microbial Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of work on nutrient utilisation in semicaptive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)

Katole

Das

Agarwal

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the feed consumption, nutrient utilisation, blood biochemical and faecal microbial profile of working and nonworking semicaptive Asian elephant. During each trial, six captive elephants were placed in two groups of three each. Elephants in one group performed the scheduled work at the park, i.e., 4-h safari with tourists, while the other group performed no work. During nighttime, all the elephants were kept in respective individual enclosure so that feed consumption and faeces voided could be measured accurately. During day time, all the elephants were allowed to forage in nearby forest. Intake (kg/d) of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and sugarcane leaves was more (P < 0.01) in nonworking elephants as compared to working elephants. Working elephants consumed more (P < 0.01) forages during foraging than nonworking elephants. Average daily dry matter intake (DMI) and DMI (% body weight, BW) were comparable between the groups. Apparent digestibility (%) of DM, OM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose and gross energy (GE) were higher (P < 0.01) in working than nonworking elephants. Activity of ALT (IU/l) was higher in working as compared to nonworking elephants. The relative population of Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens and total fungi were numerically increased in working elephants as compared to nonworking elephants. It was concluded that 4 h of work has no adverse impact on food consumption and blood metabolite profile of semicaptive Asian elephants; rather it improved the digestibility of nutrients. Work showed positive effect in restricting the calorie supply closer to requirement.

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“…More recent studies also refer to the specificity of this microbial population (Daly et al, 2001;Daly and ShiraziBeechey, 2003). Using molecular analysis, Daly et al (2001) reported that 89% of the recovered sequences did not correspond to any recorded ones, suggesting that the anaerobic microflora of the equine large intestine are underrepresented and that the equine flora may contain many novel bacterial species.…”

Section: Passage Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using molecular analysis, Daly et al (2001) reported that 89% of the recovered sequences did not correspond to any recorded ones, suggesting that the anaerobic microflora of the equine large intestine are underrepresented and that the equine flora may contain many novel bacterial species. In a latter study, Daly and Shirazi-Beechey (2003), using specific oligonucleotide probes, quantitatively analyzed the intestinal microflora and obtained the first data of predominant bacterial populations in the large intestine of horses.…”

Section: Passage Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, in a study presented by Lin and Stahl (1995), two new lineages of F. succinogenes were identified as being equine specific, and these authors refer that, in contrast to ruminants, a sizable proportion of the available protein and carbohydrate is digested and absorbed before reaching the cecum, with plant fiber representing a greater fraction of the incoming substrate. Thus, a greater contribution by fiber-digesting bacteria is anticipated, as was observed in this study.More recent studies also refer to the specificity of this microbial population (Daly et al, 2001; Daly and ShiraziBeechey, 2003). Using molecular analysis, Daly et al (2001) reported that 89% of the recovered sequences did not correspond to any recorded ones, suggesting that the anaerobic microflora of the equine large intestine are underrepresented and that the equine flora may contain many novel bacterial species.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Understanding the equine cecum-colon ecosystem: current knowledge and future perspectives

Santos¹,

Rodrigues²,

Bessa³

et al. 2011

Animal

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Having evolved as a grazing animal, a horse's digestive physiology is characterized by rapid gastric transit, a rapid but intense enzymatic digestion along the small intestine, and a long and intense microbial fermentation in the large intestine. The process of understanding and describing feed degradation mechanisms in the equine digestive system in general, and in the hindgut ecosystem in particular, is essential. Regardless of its importance for the nutritional status of the host, the significance of the cecum-colon ecosystem has not yet been fully understood, and few reports have focused deeply on the contribution of the hindgut microbial population to the nitrogen and energy requirements of the horse. Compared to ruminal activity, very little is known about hindgut ecosystem activity in the horse. Information concerning the metabolism of this microbial population and its requirements is lacking. The use of internal bacterial markers for quantifying microbial outflow in ruminants is widely reported. These techniques can be applied to cecum-colon microbial quantification, contributing to a better characterization of this ecosystem. It is likely wrong to believe that the optimization strategy in the hindgut is similar to what happens in the rumen -that is, to maximize microbial growth and, therefore, fermentation. If we consider the type of substrate that, in normal conditions, arrives in the hindgut, we can expect it to be nitrogen limiting, providing limited nitrogen-based substrates for microbial fermentation. In this review paper, we intend to gather existing information on the equine ecosystem and to provide future perspectives of research.Keywords: horse, cecum, colon, digestive strategy ImplicationsThe process of understanding and describing degradation mechanisms in the equine digestive ecosystem in general, and in the hindgut in particular, is essential to provide information for proper feeding practices to be implemented. Regardless of its importance for the nutritional status of the host, the significance of hindgut fermentation has not yet been fully understood, and few reports have focused deeply on the contribution of the hindgut microbial population to the nitrogen and energy requirements of the horse. In this review paper, we intend to gather existing information on the equine ecosystem and to provide future perspectives of research. IntroductionHorses are free-ranging herbivores of grassland environments adapted to eat large quantities of high fiber feeds (Janis, 1976;Bennett, 1980). Nowadays, with the increase of their use in sports and leisure, many horses are housed during long periods of time and fed daily on two or three meals of forages plus concentrate. The forage component of the diet is sometimes characterized by having low-tomedium energy concentration and variable levels of fiber and protein (Micol and Martin-Rosset, 1995). This pattern of feed supply is not as expected by the horse's phylogenetic adaptation to grassland environments (Janis, 1976). These management procedures have i...

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Bacterial diversity within the equine large intestine as revealed by molecular analysis of cloned 16S rRNA genes

Cited by 81 publications

References 31 publications

Microbial ecology of the equine hindgut during oligofructose-induced laminitis

Microbial ecology of the equine hindgut during oligofructose-induced laminitis

Influence of work on nutrient utilisation in semicaptive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)

Understanding the equine cecum-colon ecosystem: current knowledge and future perspectives

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